Africa's rapid urbanization can drive industrialization, says new UN report
19 October 2017 – A United Nations report out Thursday makes concrete recommendations on how the right African policy
framework can harness the continent's rapid urban transition to drive industrial development.
“African urbanization has not been driven by improving agricultural productivity or increased industrial output, as has
been the case elsewhere,” said Giovanie Biha, the Deputy Executive Secretary of the UN Economic Commission for Africa
(ECA) during the launch of the 2017 Economic Report on Africa by the ECA Sub-Regional Office for Eastern Africa in
Kigali (SRO-EA).
“On the contrary,” she added, “it has been dominated by the expansion of the informal sector – often services. To foster
enhanced growth and poverty eradication, African countries should put in place industrial policies that will generate
the skilled jobs and productivity gains needed for the structural transformation of their economies.”
Pointing out that by 2035, half of the continent's population will be urban, compared to just one third in 1990,
'Industrialization and Urbanization for Africa's Transformation' also provides an opportunity to discuss the challenges
of industrialization and structural transformation on the continent and for Eastern Africa, in particular.
In most of the 14 countries covered by the Sub-Regional Office, the share of the manufacturing sector has been stagnant
or declining over the past ten years while the services sector has expanded rapidly.
Despite a weak structural transformation process, the long-term growth outlook remains promising in Eastern Africa.
According to the ECA report, the gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate in 2017 is estimated to remain at the 2016
level of 5.6 per cent – down from the exceptional performance of the past five years. Ethiopia's average annual growth
rate is 9.5 per cent and Rwanda's 7.2 per cent between 2012 and 2016, remaining well above the African continent average
of 3.1 per cent in 2017.
While Andrew Mold, Acting Director of the SRO-EA, highlighted some growth catalysts, such as massive investments in
infrastructure or service sectors, increased investments have started to stretch budgets and weaken structural
constraints, such as exchange rate volatility.