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RUCPDOC/USDOC WASHDC 9223
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RUEHRC/DEPT OF AGRICULTURE WASHDC
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RUEHGP/AMEMBASSY SINGAPORE 7278
RUEHHK/AMCONSUL HONG KONG 4011
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UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 04 SEOUL 001569
SENSITIVE
SIPDIS
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: ECON EFIN EINV ENRG ETRD KS
SUBJECT: SOUTH KOREA ECONOMIC BRIEFING - SEPTEMBER 2009
1. (U) This cable is sensitive but unclassified and not/not intended
for Internet distribution.
-------------
In This Issue
-------------
-- National Income Resurges in the Second Quarter
-- ROKG Sets 2010 Budget at 290 Trillion Won
-- KDI Raises 2009 Growth Forecast
-- South Korea Ranks Nineteenth in Global Competitiveness
-- ROKG Records Huge Deficit in the First Half
-- Trade Surplus Dips to USD 1.6 Billion in August
-- Employment Grows Modestly in August
-- USD 100 Billion Designated for Regional Development
-- KOSPI, Won Value Move Higher
-- USD 1.7 Billion in Microcredit Planned for the Poor
-- Fitch Upgrades Korea's Credit Rate Outlook to Stable
-- Korea's FDI Ranking Jumps to Forty-fourth
-- Doosan to Purchase Czech Turbine Maker
-- Koreans' Overseas Credit Card Spending Rises Sharply
-- BOK Keeps Interest Rate at Two Percent
-- Korea's Business Environment Ranks Nineteenth
-- KB Financial Chairman Hwang Resigns
Domestic Economy
----------------
2. (SBU) National Income Resurges in the Second Quarter: The Bank
of Korea (BOK) announced that real gross national income (GNI)
totaled 240.8 trillion won (USD 199 billion) in the second quarter,
up 0.5 percent from a year earlier while real gross domestic product
(GDP) declined 2.2 percent to 244.5 trillion won (USD 202 billion).
On a quarter-on-quarter basis, however, real GNI rose 5.6 percent,
the largest gain in 21 years, while real GDP rose 2.6 percent, the
largest climb in over five years.
3. (SBU) ROKG Set 2010 Budget at 291.8 Trillion Won: The Korean
government's 2010 budget proposal, unveiled on September 28,
contains a good deal of fiscal tightening. According to the
proposal, fiscal revenue will increase by 2.9 percent and fiscal
spending will decline by 3.3 percent compared with the 2009 budget.
The government also expects the consolidated fiscal deficit to
narrow significantly to 4 trillion won (USD 3.3 billion) in 2010
from 22 trillion won (USD 18.2 billion) this year, implying a
decline to 0.4 percent from 2.1 percent. The budget proposal
assumes that government debt will rise to 407.1 trillion won (USD
336.4 billion), or around 37 percent of GDP, in 2010 from 366
trillion won (USD 302.5 billion) in 2009. The reduction in fiscal
spending will be most pronounced in the areas of industry and SME
support. The proposed decline in infrastructure spending will be
offset by increased spending by state-owned companies. For example,
the Korea Water Resources Corporation will spend 3.2 trillion won
(USD 2.6 billion) in 2010 on the Four Rivers Restoration Project,
which will complement government spending of 3.5 trillion won (USD
2.9 billion) on the same project. The government emphasizes that
welfare spending as a share of total fiscal spending is at a
historical high of 27.8 percent, though the budget for public-sector
job creation will be reduced by 1.2 trillion won (USD 1 billion). A
rather significant cut in public administration spending is
partially explained by the freezing of public employees' wages for
two years. The budget bill will be submitted to the National
Assembly by October 2.
Proposed Percent
Unit: trillion won 2009 budget* 2010 Budget Change
------------------ ----------- ----------- -------
Total fiscal revenue 279.8 287.8 2.9
Total fiscal spending 301.8 291.8 -3.3
Consolidated -22.0 -4.0 N/A
Fiscal Balance
Percent of GDP -2.1 -0.4 N/A
Government Debt 366.0 407.1 N/A
Percent of GDP 35.6 36.9 N/A
Research & development 12.7 13.6 7.1
SEOUL 00001569 002 OF 004
Industry, SME, Energy 20.8 14.4 -30.8
Infrastructure 25.5 24.8 -2.7
Agriculture and Food 17.4 17.2 -1.1
Health, welfare, 80.4 81.0 0.7
and Labor
Education 39.2 37.8 -3.6
Defense 29.0 29.6 2.1
Public Order, Safety 12.4 12.9 4.0
Public Administration 51.6 49.5 -4.1
*Including the supplementary budget passed by the National Assembly
in April 2009
4. (SBU) KDI Raises 2009 Growth Forecast: The Korea Development
Institute (KDI), a state-run research institute, raised its 2009 GDP
growth forecast to -0.7 percent from -2.3 percent and its 2010
forecast to 4.2 percent from 3.7 percent. The Institute's 2009
projection is the highest among major domestic research institutes,
and much higher than figures presented by the government (-1.5
percent) and the Bank of Korea (-1.6 percent). KDI said because
exports and consumption are improving much faster than expected, the
government should put the highest priority on ensuring a stable
transition from crisis to recovery when deciding future
macroeconomic policy. Meanwhile, the Finance Minister continued to
affirm plans for an expansionary economic policy.
5. (SBU) South Korea Ranks Nineteenth in Global Competitiveness:
According to the World Economic Forum's survey of international
competitiveness, South Korea ranked nineteenth in 2009, down a
disappointing six places from 2008. The score was dragged down in
large part by the labor market efficiency indicator, which plummeted
to eighty-fourth from forty-first last year.
6. (SBU) ROKG Records Huge Deficit in the First Half: The Ministry
of Strategy and Finance (MOSF) revealed a budget deficit of 28
trillion won (USD 23.1 billion) as of the end of June, with 133
trillion won (USD 110 billion) in revenues and 161 trillion won (USD
133.2 billion) in expenditures and net lending. Though the deficit
was 6 trillion won (USD 5 billion) more than expected, the
government anticipates that the deficit will shrink in the second
half of the year.
7. (SBU) Korea's Trade Surplus Dips to USD 1.6 Billion in August:
South Korea recorded a trade surplus of USD 1.67 billion in August,
but the figure represented a sharp decline from the previous several
months - USD 7.27 billion in June and USD 4.41 billion in July.
According to the Ministry of Knowledge Economy, exports fell 20.6
percent year-on-year to USD 29.08 billion in August while imports
shrank 32.2 percent to USD 27.41 billion. Ministry officials said
both exports and imports will increase from September, noting that
the fourth largest economy in Asia will continue to post monthly
trade surpluses of more than USD 1 billion until the end of this
year.
8. (SBU) Employment Grows Modestly in August: According to the
National Statistical Office (NSO), 23.62 million people were
employed in August, up 3,000 from a year earlier, reversing the
trend from a 76,000 job loss in July. The nation saw the first job
increase of 4,000 in June when companies added 78,000 new workers to
their payrolls. In May, 219,000 jobs disappeared from the previous
year, marking the highest year-on-year job losses since March 1999
when the country lost 390,000 positions from a year before as a
result of massive corporate layoffs following the 1997-98 Asian
financial crisis. The number of unemployed came to 905,000 in
August, up 141,000 from the previous year, with the jobless rate
rising to 3.7 percent from 3.1 percent. The jobless rate among
young people aged 15 to 29 surged to 8.2 percent from 7.1 percent a
year ago.
9. (SBU) USD 100 Billion Designated for Regional Development: The
government will spend a total of 126 trillion won (USD 104 billion)
over the coming five years on the country's regional development.
All Korean provinces will be regrouped into seven regions with
differentiated outlines to develop business and secure global
competitiveness, as well as build up the quality of life for
residents. The blueprint will be put into effect next month,
following approval from the Cabinet and the President. Of the
earmarked budget, 71.2 trillion won (USD 58.8 billion) will come
SEOUL 00001569 003 OF 004
from the central government, with 24.3 trillion won (USD 20 billion)
and 30.9 trillion won (USD 25.5 billion) to be created by regional
administrations and private investments, respectively.
Finance and Structural Policies
-------------------------------
10. (SBU) KOSPI, Won Value Move Higher: The benchmark KOSPI stock
index soared in September, touching the 1,700 mark for the first
time in 15 months, and the value of won strengthened, testing its
highest level in a year. The main KOSPI gained 610.1 points or 57.4
percent from the end of February this year, to end at 1,673.14 on
September 30, while the Korean won continued to rally against the
U.S. dollar, closing at 1,178.1 won, appreciated 355.9 won or 23.2
percent. Surging foreign portfolio investment was in part spurred
by the Financial Times Stock Exchange's (FTSE) upgrading of Korean
shares from the emerging markets group to the top-tier developed
markets.
11. (SBU) USD 1.7 Billion in Microcredit Planned for the Poor:
Starting in December, people with low credit ratings will be able to
borrow money from microcredit banks, which will lend funds
contributed by conglomerates and financial firms. President Lee
Myung-bak chaired a cabinet meeting on September 17 at which the
ROKG decided to lend 2 trillion won (USD 1.7 billion) during the
next 10 years to those who cannot borrow money from banks due to
their low ratings. The maximum amount extended to individuals is
expected to reach thousands of dollars and repayment would be made
over four years with a one-year grace period. Out of the 2 trillion
won of microcredit funds, local conglomerates will donate 1 trillion
won (USD 826 million) as promised by the Federation of Korean
Industries, which represents large corporations. Around 700 billion
won (USD 579 million) would come from inactive bank accounts in
which there have not been any transactions or inquiries for longer
than five years. The remaining 300 billion won (USD 248 million)
will be donated by banks or securities institutions.
12. (SBU) Fitch Upgrades Korea's Credit Rate Outlook to Stable:
Fitch Ratings upgraded its credit prospects on Korea to 'stable'
from 'negative,' with Korea's sovereign credit rating unchanged at
A+. The change reflected Korea's economic recovery. The forecast
returned to 'stable' after being lowered to 'negative' in November
2008. Meanwhile, Standard and Poor`s has maintained Korea's A
rating with a stable outlook since 2005, while Moody`s has kept its
A2 rating with a stable outlook.
13. (SBU) Korea's FDI Ranking Jumps to Forty-fourth: Foreign direct
investment (FDI) in South Korea nearly tripled in 2008 due to
aggressive economic stimulus programs and favorable exchange rates,
the U.N. Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) said in a
report on September 18. The country posted a total of USD 7.6
billion in FDI inflow, up 22 notches to the forty-fourth largest
amount in the world, jumping from USD 2.6 billion in 2007. Before
2008, Korea's FDI inflow had been falling consistently after hitting
USD 9 billion in 2004. Korea's aggregate amount of the FDI stood at
nearly USD 90.7 billion as of end-2008, accounting for 9.8 percent
of its gross domestic product. The report praised Korea's overall
performance amid the financial crisis and forecast a large stimulus
plan by the government and a weakening won may help the economy
maintain positive growth and the recovery in FDI in the coming
years.
14. (SBU) Doosan to Purchase Czech Turbine Maker for USD 655
Million: Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction has agreed with
Skoda Power to buy all shares in the Czech turbine maker. The USD
655-million deal is the latest in a series of takeovers by the
group, which purchased Bobcat of the United States in 2007.
Doosan's purchase of the 150-year-old turbine maker, which sells
products in over 60 countries, would also help the company's power
generation and engineering business, securing turbine technologies,
the company said. Doosan Heavy, led by CEO Park Gee-won, is South
Korea's biggest power equipment maker and also produces industrial
facilities, machine tools and construction equipment.
15. (SBU) Koreans' Overseas Credit Card Spending Rises Sharply: The
BOK revealed that Koreans spent USD 1.28 billion overseas with their
credit cards during the second quarter, up 16.6 percent from USD 1.1
SEOUL 00001569 004 OF 004
billion in the previous quarter. The quarter-on-quarter growth was
the highest since hitting 27.4 percent in the third quarter of 2003.
Also, as of the end of June, total credit cards issued reached
100.27 million, up 7.3 percent from a year earlier.
16. (SBU) BOK Keeps Interest Rate at Two Percent: The BOK's
Monetary Policy Committee decided to maintain the current annual
benchmark interest rate of 2.00 percent until October 9. The BOK
cut the rate from 5.25 percent in October 2008, all the way down to
2.00 percent in February 2009. BOK Governor Lee Seong-tae said the
timing of a shift in monetary policy will depend on how the local
housing market unfolds. His remarks were viewed by analysts as
stating the BOK has turned more hawkish as there are growing
concerns over a possible property bubble triggered by a surge in
household loans.
17. (SBU) Korea's Business Environment Ranks Nineteenth: The World
Bank's "Doing Business 2010" report placed Korea at 19 among 183
countries, up four places from 2009. The Finance Ministry credited
the upgrade to improvements on start-up procedures (up from 126 to
53) and international trade (up from 12 to 8).
18. (SBU) KB Financial Chairman Hwang Resigns: KB Financial Group
Chairman Hwang Young-key resigned on September 23 after he received
a "suspension of duty" penalty from the financial regulator. In a
statement on September 14, the Kookmin Bank union, the flagship of
KB Financial Group, strongly urged Hwang to step down, citing the
Financial Supervisory Service decision to suspend Hwang from duty
for incurring USD 1.6 billion losses while at the helm of Woori
Bank.
TOKOLA