VZCZCXYZ0009
RR RUEHWEB
DE RUEHRB #1545/01 2711533
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 281533Z SEP 07
FM AMEMBASSY RABAT
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 7510
INFO RUEHMD/AMEMBASSY MADRID 5799
RUEHAS/AMEMBASSY ALGIERS 4552
RUEHCL/AMCONSUL CASABLANCA 3554
UNCLAS RABAT 001545
SIPDIS
SENSITIVE
SIPDIS
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: ENRG EPET ECON MO
SUBJECT: FUELING MOROCCO'S FUTURE ENERGY NEEDS
REF: RABAT 681
1. Sensitive but unclassified - protect accordingly
2. (SBU) Summary. Morocco's GDP has grown by over 5 percent per
year for the past five years, foreign direct investment is poised to
set a record high for the third consecutive year, and the rapidly
growing tourism industry has spurred a construction boom. The GOM
must increase the country's energy supply in order to keep up with
increasing demand, but this is complicated by record high oil
prices. The GOM has ambitious plans to accelerate economic growth
and modernize its energy sector infrastructure in the next decade.
By 2017, it plans to diversify energy sources by building a LNG
terminal, constructing numerous power plants (including nuclear),
and more than doubling the capacity of its refineries. If
successful, this would provide a well diversified energy sector that
would be integrated with that of its neighbors. With few domestic
energy sources currently developed the GOM will continue to depend
on imported fuel. End summary.
3. (U) Morocco is highly dependent on imported energy sources to
power its economy. In 2006, 96 percent of the country's energy
needs were imported including petroleum products (59 percent), coal
(29.7 percent), imported electricity (4 percent) and natural gas
(3.3 percent). Domestic sources of energy included hydro
electricity (3.2 percent), wind generated electricity (0.4 percent)
and natural gas and petroleum combined (0.4 percent). Said El
Aoufir, Director of Combustibles at the Ministry of Energy (MOE)
told econoff that the GOM seeks to diversify its energy fuel supply
and achieve something close to the international average of
petroleum products (36.4 percent), coal (27.85 percent), natural gas
(23.5 percent), and hydro electricity (6.3 percent). While the
National Electricity Office (ONE) is exploring the possibility of a
nuclear plant, the MOE is not banking on this possibility.
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OPPORTUNITY
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4. (U) El Aoufir stated that renewable energy represents Morocco's
greatest opportunity in the field of energy. The country has vast
wind resources to power wind mills and large amounts of sunshine for
photovoltaic power generation, although these forms of energy are
comparatively expensive to produce. Currently, renewable energy
accounts for approximately 3.6 percent of total energy consumed, but
by 2012 the GOM hopes it will increase to 10 percent of total energy
needs and help reduce dependence on imported fuels. In comparison,
by 2020 the European Union (EU) targets a renewable energy supply of
20 percent in order to achieve its strict environmental protection
targets. In order to reach this ambitious goal, the EU might need
to import electricity produced from renewable sources in Morocco,
creating a valuable export product for Morocco. Morocco's
electricity grid is already connected to those of Spain and Algeria
and it trades electricity on an as needed basis. In the future, as
Morocco increases its electricity supply, it plans to export
electricity to its neighbors in Africa and Europe.
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THE CHALLENGE
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5. (SBU) High petroleum prices represent Morocco's greatest energy
challenge according, to El Aoufir. Government subsidies on
petroleum products have put great pressure on the GOM's budget for
several years. The 2007 budget was based on oil imports in the
range of $56-$66 per barrel, but this is well below current prices
in excess of $80 per barrel. The GOM spent approximately $850
million for subsidies on gasoline and diesel in 2006 and El Aoufir
said this could increase to $1 billion in 2007. In addition, the
rising number of vehicles in Morocco will continue to compound this
problem.
6. (U) Morocco's three leading sources of petroleum products are
Saudi Arabia (41 percent), Iran (33.8 percent) and Russia (25.2
percent). Currently, 29 companies are exploring for oil in Morocco
and the GOM is optimistic oil will eventually be found (septel), but
the country will undoubtedly remain vulnerable to the whims of the
international oil market. However, El Aoufir was confident that
Morocco could comfortably continue to source the fuel supplies it
needs.
7. (SBU) In 2006, diesel accounted for approximately 46 percent of
Morocco's petroleum-based fuel consumption and this has witnessed
steady growth of 3 to 5.3 percent since 2000. Gasoline use has
been relatively steady at approximately 5 percent of petroleum-based
fuel consumption and the phasing out of leaded gasoline will be
completed in 2009. Fuel oil represented 22.4 percent of Morocco's
petroleum-based fuel consumption in 2006, but its use dropped 7.4
percent compared to 2005 because the GOM found it more cost
effective to import electricity from Spain than produce it from fuel
oil. Butane accounted for an especially important 18.9 percent of
consumption because it is the favored fuel for cooking and heating
water in Morocco. Because of this the GOM spends approximately $500
million per year subsidizing the price of butane. The last major
component of Morocco's petroleum-based fuel consumption is jet fuel,
which grew by 42.9 percent between 2003 and 2006 due to the growing
tourism sector.
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REFINERIES
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8. (U) Morocco's two refineries in Mohammedia and Sidi Kasem (near
Fez) have annual refining capacities of 6.5 million tons and 1.5
million tons respectively. The Mohammedia plant is being modernized
to meet new environmental standards and will be finished in 2009.
Currently, it produces diesel containing 10,000 parts per million
(ppm) of sulfur, but by 2009 this will be reduced to 50 ppm. Since
2005, the EU has required diesel fuel sold in its markets not to
exceed 50 ppm of sulfur and in 2010 this will be reduced to 10 ppm.
9. (SBU) El Aoufir felt that Morocco had adequate refining capacity
to meet its domestic needs at existing growth rates until 2015 or
2016. However, he added that the GOM is exploring the possibility
of constructing a refinery in Jorf Lasfar with a capacity of 7 to 10
million tons per year. The project would be financed by foreign
investors and 80 percent of its production would be for export,
integrating Morocco further into the energy markets of its
neighbors.
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DIVERSIFICATION
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10. (SBU) In order to diversify its fuel supplies, the GOM is also
investigating the idea of building a $1.4 billion liquefied natural
gas (LNG) terminal to supply gas to power the various power plants
it plans to build in the future (see reftel). The LNG would be used
instead of coal, which currently produces most of Morocco's
electricity. Morocco's electric consumption has grown by 8 percent
per year since 2002 and several new power plants will be needed in
the near future. El Aoufir reported that the country still has
adequate electricity generation capacity if it uses its
comparatively expensive fuel oil powered generators (which have a
combined capacity of 615 megawatts, MW), but in recent years the GOM
has found it more cost effective to import electricity from Spain.
11. (SBU) The proposed LNG terminal would be completed in the
2013-2015 timeframe and would likely be situated near Tangier or
Jorf Lasfar with a pipeline running along the Atlantic coast. The
GOM is still not certain who would supply the LNG for the project,
but most new power plants in Morocco are being designed to use LNG.
In 2009, an existing 230 MW power plant fueled by natural gas in Ain
Beni Mathar near the Algerian border will be expanded to 450 MW. It
will use natural gas Morocco receives from Algeria for the right of
way for the pipeline through the country. The GOM plans to open two
more electric plants in 2013 that will eventually be supplied by the
proposed LNG terminal.
12. (SBU) Morocco has made initial forays into the nuclear energy
sector and currently has a 2 MW research reactor that the ONE feels
could act as a training tool for an eventual 1000 MW nuclear power
plant. ONE is leading the initiative to pursue nuclear energy and
it has generally been more pessimistic about Morocco's readiness to
produce an adequate supply of electricity in the near term than has
the MOE (see reftel). Reportedly, ONE has developed a short list of
three companies that could construct the proposed nuclear power
plant in the 2016-2017 timeframe. Currently, ONE is working with
Russia's Atomstroyexport on a feasibility study for the project
whose probable site has not been made public (see septel).
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COMMENT
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13. (SBU) Like other resource poor countries, Morocco is at the
mercy of the international energy market. MOE officials see hope,
however, as a result of the intensified oil exploration that has
resulted from high international energy prices, and the country's
wind and solar energy potential. The GOM receives sporadic domestic
criticism that it is not moving fast enough to assure that the
country will have an adequate supply of energy, and that rising
prices could undermine its plans. However, the GOM is moving ahead
with plans, which if successful, should assure that it has a
sufficient production margin to satisfy anticipated demand.
GREENE