Budget Speech
Madam Speaker,
I move, that the Appropriation (2007/08 Estimates) Bill be now read a second time.
The central message of Budget 2007 is the importance of saving and investing. Budget 2007 is designed to promote a
stronger saving culture and encourage greater investing.
This will create a more productive economy, a deeper capital base, a more prosperous retirement future for New
Zealanders, and ensure we can be less dependent on foreign capital.
Increasing saving and investing will underpin the Government’s three core themes of economic transformation, families
young and old, and national identity.
It will help build a sustainable future for New Zealand over the long term.
Higher levels of investing and deeper and broader capital markets are important preconditions for improving productivity
and enhancing economic transformation.
Higher levels of saving will assist young families to accumulate the deposit for a first home and help to build assets
to improve standards of living in retirement.
Generating more of our own saving and investing will lessen our current very high levels of dependence on foreign
capital and enable us to be more economically independent.
Budget 2007’s central message of saving and investing is given against the background of continued substantial
imbalances in the economy.
After a brief period of economic slowdown in 2005/06 economic growth has begun to pick up again. But this growth is
based on domestic demand. The New Zealand dollar, having briefly dropped to US60 cents in early 2006, quickly resumed
appreciating to levels well above its equilibrium rate. This is placing significant stress on the exporting sector,
though some parts, such as dairy, are substantially cushioned by high commodity prices.
At the same time, the high exchange rate means that import prices remain low. With high interest rates encouraging
strong capital inflows, and appreciating property values and strong household spending underpinning high levels of
household borrowing, domestic demand growth has remained very strong. Hence New Zealand’s current account deficit of
around nine per cent of GDP and continued inflation pressures.
Meanwhile, stronger economic growth than predicted last year, combined with strong investment performances by the Crown
Financial Institutions and underspending against Budget, has led to a stronger fiscal outturn for 2006/07 than forecast
in Budget 2006.
Against a forecast cash deficit of $1.5 billion the forecast outturn for the current year, 2006/07, is now expected to
be a surplus of $1.7 billion. This compares with a cash surplus in 2005/06 of $3 billion.
The operating surplus has moved much less, from a forecast of $5.8 billion to $6.3 billion or 3.8 per cent of GDP. The
corresponding figures in 2005/06 were $11.5 billion or 7.3 per cent of GDP. While the operating surplus has fallen
substantially the Government’s fiscal management has continued to lean against demand pressures in the economy. But this
level of surplus is still somewhat higher than necessary to be consistent with the Government’s long term fiscal
objectives.
What is equally clear is that while some of the economic imbalances will slowly correct over time, there are more
fundamental imbalances which are driving some of the
short-term ones. This means that corrective action such as monetary policy has had to be more severe than is desirable.
In particular, the low and declining rate of household saving in New Zealand is a major contributor to these trends.
While there is room for argument about the accuracy of any particular measure of household saving, all the different
measures show the same trend over the last twenty years or so – a movement into negative household saving which
continues to decline.
Moreover, many of the traditional explanations of such a trend do not withstand close analysis. Once low saving was put
down to high inflation – but New Zealand has had low inflation throughout the last fifteen years. Real personal and
household incomes have been rising. Job security overall is much higher than it was fifteen years ago in the aftermath
of the Employment Contracts Act.
New Zealand Superannuation levels, in relative terms, are lower than they were twenty years ago while the age of
eligibility is now five years higher. And, while in fact the New Zealand Superannuation Fund has given much greater
certainty to the future of New Zealand Superannuation, a clear majority of New Zealanders under the age of forty still
tend to doubt whether it will be there to support them in retirement.
Thus the favourite economists’ (and others’) nostrum of simultaneously cutting taxes and New Zealand Superannuation
would have no effect on the saving rate.
There are, of course, a few who say New Zealand does not have a saving problem. These are the macroeconomic equivalent
of climate change deniers. They only need to look at our very large current account deficit, one of the highest national
debts in the world relative to national income, and growing public concerns about our inability to retain ownership and
control of much of our own economy.
This Labour-led Government has already put in place the KiwiSaver scheme. This begins operation on 1 July. KiwiSaver is
designed to use the power of inertia to encourage people to save. On taking up a new job people will be automatically
enrolled. Pay deductions at the rate of four per cent of gross income will begin with the ability to opt for a higher
level of eight per cent. People not wishing to stay in must opt out within eight weeks.
The Government will contribute an upfront payment of $1000 to kickstart each KiwiSaver account. KiwiSaver savings are
locked in until age 65 subject to a small range of exceptions.
While KiwiSaver in its current form is the most significant change in saving policy since the National Government
abolished the Third Labour Government’s compulsory saving scheme in 1976 it is clear that the needs of New Zealand and
New Zealanders raise the question of whether more should be done.
The size of the fiscal surpluses allows room for further initiatives. There were two options facing me in recommending
action to Cabinet. One was the tax threshold indexation changes outlined in 2005, or some other form of modest personal
tax cuts, which for most people would increase take-home pay by a few dollars a week while adding to the demand
pressures in the economy. The other was a series of bolder moves to strengthen KiwiSaver to build greater economic and
social strength for the future.
In my view the choice was not a difficult one. Every dollar saved today is worth more in the future. A small tax cut now
would be spent and then gone. Increasing saving encourages more personal responsibility.
If we help more people save now that will reduce the need for people to receive income-tested supplementary assistance
from the government in the future. That is particularly true if more saving now enables young couples to save for a
deposit on a first home and work towards a mortgage-free retirement.
But in designing assistance and encouragement for saving it is important to recognise that those on modest incomes have
the most difficulty in saving and therefore need a stronger relative incentive to encourage saving. Traditional saving
incentives tend to have the opposite effect.
This Labour-led Government wants to see more people, not fewer, sharing in the wealth that we create.
Madam Speaker,
Three major initiatives are being announced today.
First, the vast majority of full-time income earners will qualify for a tax credit of $20 a week for their KiwiSaver
contributions.
This will take the form of a dollar for dollar matching credit of up to $20 per week for individual contributions. Thus
anyone earning $500 per week or more will automatically qualify for the full credit. The credit will be paid on an
annual basis into a person’s KiwiSaver account after the end of each tax year.
This credit will come into force with the start of KiwiSaver on 1 July. Legislation to enact this will be introduced and
passed under urgency later today.
The new tax credit will also be available to members of schemes that are subject to complying fund rules. Self-employed
people in a KiwiSaver scheme will also qualify for the credit.
The second major new initiative is to provide that, from 1 April next year, where an employee opts to stay in KiwiSaver,
or to join it and make contributions, a compulsory matching employer contribution will be phased in. This will start at
one per cent of the employee’s gross income in 2008/09 and will, over the next three years, be phased up to match the
minimum employee contribution level of four per cent by 2011/12. Employers will not be required to match the higher
contribution rate of eight per cent.
There is no doubt that employer contributions will create a greater sense of employee loyalty. The accumulation of
savings funds in this way will also create greater incentives for workers to stay in New Zealand.
The Government expects that the phase-in of the compulsory matching employer contributions will be taken into account in
wage and salary bargaining as is the case in the current campaign by the Engineering, Printing, and Manufacturing Union.
In order to ensure that contributions do reach the four plus four level, all options which allow an employer
contribution to count towards the minimum KiwiSaver member contribution (such as the two plus two option) will be phased
out from 1 April 2008.
The third major initiative, which will substantially reduce the cost to employers of the new compulsory contributions,
will be that those employer contributions will qualify for a matching tax credit of up to $20 a week per employee.
Unlike the employee tax credit this will not be paid into a KiwiSaver account but will be available directly to the
employer to offset costs. The effect of this is that, at full operation, the first $500 a week of each employee’s wage
or salary will not incur a net cost in relation to the KiwiSaver employer contribution for that employee. In the first
year, 2008/09, the employer’s contribution costs on the first $2000 a week of employee income will be met, and in
2009/10 on the first $1000 a week. The net additional costs to employers by 2011/12 should overall be no more than
around one per cent of the national wage and salary bill at that point.
The combined effect of the employee and employer tax credits is that the Government will be supporting saving on all
those earning $500 a week or more by $40 a week, and fully matching the costs of KiwiSaver contributions on earnings of
up to $500 a week.
There are a range of subsidiary and consequential decisions which are being announced separately. Legislation to provide
for the employer’s contributions and tax credits will be introduced and referred to a select committee under urgency
later today.
The impact of changes to KiwiSaver on a range of average New Zealanders will be dramatic. For a couple on the average
household income, with one income earner entering KiwiSaver at age 30, their accumulated savings at age 65 in constant
dollar terms are projected to be $380,000 under the revised KiwiSaver scheme compared with $170,000 under the initial
provisions.
If the same couple on the average household income each had the same income then accumulated savings at age 65 would be
$440,000 on the revised KiwiSaver scheme compared with $170,000 under the initial provisions.
The social justice element in KiwiSaver becomes even clearer if we consider a two income couple, both on the same wage,
where total income is just 60 per cent of the average household income. If they enter KiwiSaver at age 30, they are now
projected to accumulate $300,000 between them compared with $100,000 under the initial provisions, three times as much.
Obviously the cost of the new KiwiSaver provisions will depend on the rate of take-up. On the assumption that there is a
50 per cent take up after ten years the annual cost of the additional expenditure will be $680 million in 2008/09 rising
to $1.63 billion in 2016/17. This will take total KiwiSaver expenditure to $965 million in 2008/09 rising to $2.03
billion in 2016/17.
If take up is faster – say 50 per cent after five years – the additional expenditure for the new elements will be $1.14
billion in 2008/09 rising to $1.57 billion in 2011/12. Total KiwiSaver expenditure would be $1.43 billion in 2008/09
rising to $1.94 billion in 2011/12.
Unlike tax cuts in the pocket, the impact on demand will be very small and may well be negative. And while the increased
availability of realistic first home deposits five years or so down the track may put a little extra pressure on the
housing market the greater encouragement to non-housing saving and investing should more than counterbalance that.
One issue that has come to the fore in recent years, which the enhancements to KiwiSaver highlight, is the growing
pressure for large managed funds to be accountable for the way in which they invest.
Disclosure requirements can be a low cost and efficient way of encouraging responsible investing. The United Kingdom has
had such disclosure requirements in place since 2000. Australia has similar requirements.
Disclosure requirements allow providers to market themselves as responsible investors but also ensure fund members are
aware of the portfolio decisions made on their behalf.
The Government has agreed that KiwiSaver providers will be required to disclose their approach to responsible investing.
It is also intended that a joint working party with scheme provider representatives will be set up to develop guidelines
on responsible investing.
To recap. Once the revised KiwiSaver is fully implemented a person on the projected fulltime average wage in 2011 will
need to save about $40 per week. That will result in $100 a week going into their KiwiSaver account, or about $5,200 a
year. The net additional cost to the employer will be zero in the first two years rising to $20 per week by the fourth
year. The Government expects this small additional cost to be taken into account in wage bargaining over the next four
years.
KiwiSaver now presents the chance for a new beginning for New Zealand in terms of saving and investing. It is the
individual’s equivalent to the New Zealand Superannuation Fund – the opportunity for greater security in retirement.
At the same time it will significantly increase the flow of funds in New Zealand for investing both here and overseas.
The effects of such funds can be seen in Australia. By some measures Australia is now the world’s fourth largest
offshore investor. We, on the other hand, are one of the world’s largest borrowers relative to our size.
Madam Speaker,
The returns on saving and business investing will be increased as a result of the second main element of Budget 2007,
the Business Tax Reform package.
This package is the outcome of Labour’s confidence and supply agreements with the United Future and New Zealand First
parties. I particularly want to acknowledge the role of the Minister of Revenue, Hon Peter Dunne, in developing this
package.
The most obvious and expensive, though not necessarily the most important, part of this package is the reduction in the
headline rate of corporate tax from 33 per cent to 30 per cent from 1 April 2008.
Business has long argued that such a reduction will assist in boosting productivity and competitiveness and attracting
more foreign direct investment increasing labour productivity and wage rates.
It should also reduce the attractiveness of structuring businesses so as to report minimal profits within New Zealand.
The cost of the reduction is expected to be $675 million in the first full year, 2008/09. Dividends are generally paid
out in arrears so, to ensure that credits are not trapped in companies, the current 33 per cent imputation credit ratio
will be available until 31 March 2010. This leads to a transitional cost of around $115 million in 2008/09 and $40
million in 2009/10. In Australia this concession was not allowed when the corporate tax rate was last reduced.
At the same time, the tax rate for widely held vehicles and the top tax rate for Portfolio Investment Entities will be
reduced from 33 per cent to 30 per cent from 1 April 2008 at a cost of $50 million in the first full year. Certain
closely held saving vehicles will continue to be taxed at 33 per cent.
These rate reductions will be legislated for later today.
When the business tax discussion document was released proposals were also included for tax credits for research and
development, export market development, and skills training. Following feedback from business and tax advisory groups it
has been decided not to proceed with the latter two proposals.
Instead, some $87.8 million of new funding over the next four years will be provided for the Market Development
Assistance Scheme to encourage firms to take new products to market so as to boost exports and productivity. $53 million
will be invested over four years to increase participation in industry training.
After careful reflection, the Government has decided to proceed with a research and development tax credit. This credit
will be at the rate of fifteen per cent of eligible expenditure.
To qualify, research and development activities must be systematic, investigative, and experimental. They must either
seek to resolve scientific or technological uncertainty or involve an appreciable amount of novelty. They must be
directed at acquiring new knowledge or creating new or improved products, processes or services.
Certain activities are excluded, as they are in other jurisdictions, generally to delineate more clearly the boundary
between innovation and routine activity.
A business must control the research and development expenditure, bear the financial and technical risk, and own the
results. The research and development must be carried out predominantly in New Zealand.
Eligible expenditure will cover employee remuneration, depreciation of tangible assets used primarily in conducting
research and development, overheads, consumables, and payments to entities conducting research and development on behalf
of the business.
The tax credits will reduce tax payments and imputation credits will arise for tax paid by way of the research and
development credit. Credits will be paid out in cash to loss-making businesses. Businesses will be able to claim the
credit as part of their normal tax return process.
The fiscal cost is expected to rise from $140 million in 2008/09 to $260 million in 2010/11. This represents a massive
investment by the Government in private sector research and development and will place us in a much more competitive
position vis-à-vis Australia in particular.
Madam Speaker,
The review of the international business tax regime may be even more important than the corporate rate cut or the
research and development tax credit in contributing to future economic growth, though it is likely to cost far less.
Our current tax rules in relation to New Zealand companies investing in offshore activity impose additional costs that
are not faced by businesses resident in other countries. This has created an incentive for New Zealand firms to migrate.
Currently, New Zealand taxes New Zealand residents on their worldwide income. This includes any income that is earned by
a foreign company that is controlled by New Zealand residents. This applies in all countries except the eight countries
on the grey list.
The discussion document released in December last year signalled an intention to provide a tax exemption for active
income earned by such a controlled foreign company. This is the international norm.
The Government has decided to introduce a package with the following features:
* introduction of a tax exemption for active income
* tax exemption for ordinary dividends from controlled foreign companies
* replacement of the current grey list exemption relating to eight countries with a simple test treating controlled
foreign companies with less than five per cent passive income as exempt, no matter where they do business
* a limited definition of passive income under the new rules
* introduction of interest allocation rules for offshore investments and
* repeal of the conduit rules.
This is a balanced package which is simpler, more consistently applied, and more internationally competitive than the
current controlled foreign company rules. A number of base maintenance measures canvassed in the discussion document are
not being pursued.
A second round of consultation will be undertaken to work through detailed design and implementation issues. The final
policy package will be conditional on the outcome of this consultative process.
The downside of this is that the time required for further consultation and then drafting and passage of the legislation
will mean that it is very unlikely to be able to come into effect before 1 April 2009. However, the clear indication
that reform will occur should be helpful in business decisionmaking around firm location.
Madam Speaker,
The total cost of this Business Tax Reform package is estimated to be $1.06 billion in 2008/09 rising to $1.13 billion
in 2010/11. It is easily the most comprehensive business tax package since the mid-1980s and marks the first reduction
in the corporate headline rate since 1988 under the Fourth Labour Government.
In addition, other tax changes which are business friendly will be introduced today. The bill to be referred to a select
committee will include changes to the compliance and penalties regime. Included in the bill to be passed through all
stages will be remedial measures for Portfolio Investment Entities. These measures will address a number of technical
issues with the Portfolio Investment Entity rules and ensure that prospective KiwiSaver funds can convert their systems
on schedule.
Later this year a Limited Partnerships Bill will be introduced which the Government hopes the House will be able to deal
with expeditiously as it will assist significantly new technology and venture capital companies.
Finally, the Government will release a discussion document exploring further potential measures for simplifying tax
compliance, focussing in particular on small to medium sized businesses.
There are two other major developments in relation to taxation which deserve discussion today.
First, as a result of the confidence and supply agreement with United Future, a discussion document was released last
year outlining options in relation to the taxation of charitable donations.
As a consequence of the submissions on the discussion document the Government has decided to remove the current rebate
threshold on individuals’ charitable donations. In future, all such donations to organisations with charitable donee
status will qualify for the 33 per cent rebate.
The deduction limit on charitable donations made by companies and Māori authorities will also be removed. The company
deduction will also be extended to small unlisted companies.
In November this year the Government will issue a further discussion document on proposals for a system of payroll
charitable giving. This, if approved, would provide a mechanism for employees to donate to their charity of choice and
receive a deduction immediately.
The second matter is of quite a different nature. Much concern has been expressed about overinvesting in housing and the
impact of the tax system in encouraging this. While there is no political consensus on any major remedial measures I am
mindful of the fact that under the current law investing in housing for the purpose of making a capital gain, that is
trading in housing, is taxable.
In order to underline the significance of this fact and to send a clear signal to housing investors about the purport of
the current law it has been agreed between myself and the Commissioner of Inland Revenue that an additional $14.6
million over the next three years will be provided to Inland Revenue to strengthen the auditing of property
transactions.
In conjunction with KiwiSaver’s encouragement of more diversified saving it is hoped that this will lead to some easing
over time in the pressure on the housing market.
Madam Speaker,
KiwiSaver and the business tax package are central to this Government’s plans for economic transformation.
In addition to the near-doubling of the Market Development Assistance Scheme $33 million will be spent over four years
towards developing better export links with Asia. This includes increasing New Zealand Trade and Enterprise services in
Asia, strategic tourism marketing in China, and planning for the 2010 Shanghai Expo.
A critical component of the economic transformation agenda is to lift firms’ innovative and absorptive capacity and
improve research links between firms, Crown Research Institutes and Tertiary Education Institutions and align tertiary
skills to the needs of business.
Budget 2007 commits an additional $67 million over four years to support innovation and improve linkages. Major
initiatives include:
* lifting business performance through research and development to boost private sector R and research into innovative foods, beverages and other new products
* building science capability through CRIs and the Marsden Fund
* improving sustainability and primary sector productivity, and funding for Pastoral 21 and
* increasing high value exports by developing a 3D digital graphics cluster through leveraging the expertise and
networks of an industry leader.
In Budget 2007, the Government’s focus is on improving the quality and relevance of tertiary education with a package
that will ensure the successful implementation of the tertiary reforms. This year’s Budget package will enable the
tertiary system to better fulfil New Zealand’s needs, and at the same time provide better value for money for taxpayers
and students. Major initiatives to be funded in this Budget include:
* $129 million to strengthen universities' international competitiveness and support strategic change in the university
sub-sector
* $76 million in operating and capital funding to support the distinctive contributions of the Institutes of Technology
and Polytechnics sub-sector
* $35 million in capital funding to support strategic change in ITPs and wananga through the Quality Reinvestment
Programme
* $6 million to build the research capability of the wananga sub-sector
* $69 million to provide for increased growth in participation in Industry Training as part of the Business Tax Reform
package and sector leadership funding for Industry Training Organisations
* $28.9 million in operating funding to increase student access to allowances and scholarships (which will be partially
offset by a consequent reduction in demand for student loans) and
* $14 million in additional funding for the Performance Based Research Fund to increase research activity and also
increase the quality of research outputs in New Zealand.
Madam Speaker,
Budget 2007 demonstrates the Government's leadership on sustainability by spending $30.5 million operating and $1.6
million capital over four years on a range of measures to enhance sustainability in the government, business and
household sectors. These include:
* building sustainability into procurement by government agencies and improving
eco-verification, to grow the market for sustainable goods and services
* a household sustainable living programme focussed on promoting the uptake of sustainable behaviour and actions in the
home
* working in partnership with business to enable firms to adopt more sustainable business practices and use them for
competitive advantage
* moving the public sector towards carbon neutrality and
* partnering with local government to construct a network of public space recycling bins throughout New Zealand.
Budget 2007 commits $72.4 million towards energy efficiency initiatives.
The EnergyWise package of initiatives invests in programmes to support fitting of insulation and clean, energy efficient
heating to houses, establishing a home energy rating scheme, and general promotion of energy efficiency. This represents
an investment of nearly $34.4 million over four years, of which $15 million will be met from levy funding.
$23 million over four years has been set aside for policy development and implementation of an interest-free loans
scheme to support home energy efficiency measures, and $15 million over four years has been set aside for implementation
of the home energy rating scheme after the policy is fully developed.
Budget 2007 also commits significant spending on climate change over four years on:
* providing international leadership and establishing international partnerships on agriculture and forestry research
and
* research into the impact of climate change on New Zealand and techniques for mitigation and adaptation.
Madam Speaker,
This Government has paid particular attention to the development of New Zealand’s
long-neglected land transport infrastructure, road, rail, and public transport.
When this Government came into office only 42 per cent of fuel excise duty on petrol was retained in the National Land
Transport Fund. Now the income flow is in the opposite direction. General taxation is now subsidising the restoration
and extension of the rail network, the massive upgrading of the road system, and the largest increase in public
transport expenditure in our history.
The Government is investigating full hypothecation of fuel excise duty. This would mean that all revenue collected from
road users would be permanently dedicated to land transport, including public transport.
Yet still there is a demand for more. In particular, the Auckland Regional Council has identified the electrification of
the rail system as its top transport priority. This is on top of the $600 million which the Government committed last
year for the upgrading of the Auckland rail network.
Wellington has collectively expressed support for the building of Transmission Gully but has inadequate means for
funding its share of the likely costs. Other regions have their own priorities which are not able to be funded within
the current programme or which do not necessarily rank most highly on a nationally-based cost-benefit test.
The Government has given careful consideration to these issues. The Government favours further development of the public
transport system and roading, especially where the latter will contribute to sustainable development and reduce
congestion.
Subject to Parliament agreeing to the necessary funding mechanism the Government has decided to proceed with the
electrification of the Auckland urban rail system. In addition, the Auckland Regional Council will need to purchase new
rolling stock.
In the case of Wellington the Government’s current responsibilities will be extended over the next four years by new
funding for worn out infrastructure, extending double tracking to the Waikanae River, electrifying to Waikanae Station
and enlarging the tunnels on the Johnsonville line. This is in addition to the announcement by the Greater Wellington
Regional Council last week.
The Government is budgeting $600 million over six years for its contribution to this urban rail programme in Auckland
and Wellington.
An additional $50 million will be spent on general track improvements to the national rail network over 2008 to 2010.
Neither Auckland electrification nor such projects as Transmission Gully (beyond the investigation stage) are within the
current programme or able to be funded out of it.
The Government is therefore proposing a framework for the introduction of a limited regional fuel tax to enable local
authorities and the Government to pay for transport projects sought by a region where those projects would not attract
funding within the timeframe desired by the region.
It is proposed that such a regional fuel tax, covering both petrol and diesel, would be at a maximum rate of ten cents a
litre. Preference will be given to public transport and other land transport developments which will reduce congestion
with no more than five cents a litre to be spent on roading projects.
The tax will be collected at the wholesale level. There will be a refund system for non-road purposes using the current
petrol excise duty refund system.
The proceeds of the regional fuel tax will be reserved for specific capital assets and projects. As such it will be
clear to consumers what the money is being used for. A maximum repayment period of 35 years for any single regional fuel
tax proposal would apply.
In the case of Auckland, in order to fund electrification the initial rate of regional fuel tax is estimated to be five
cents a litre.
Electrification is timetabled to be completed by 2013. An earlier date of 2011, to coincide with the Rugby World Cup,
was considered. But it is clear that the risks of aiming for 2011 are too great, including the prospect of extensive
disruption to other transport modes.
This project has the capacity to increase substantially public transport use in Auckland. It will need to be linked to
integrated ticketing, increased bus patronage, and other developments to realise its full potential. But it provides the
chance for Auckland to make up for decades of underinvesting in public transport if it chooses to grasp the opportunity.
Madam Speaker,
Apart from the Business Tax Reform package, the largest area of fiscal cost is in the Families Young and Old theme.
Consistent with the confidence and supply agreement with New Zealand First the Government set the net married couple
rate of New Zealand Superannuation at 66 per cent of the net average wage on 1 April 2007. Other rates were also
adjusted accordingly, including those of Veterans’ Pension, meaning older New Zealanders enjoyed a 5 per cent lift in
their after-tax pension income. As part of this package, the income thresholds for abatement of both the Disability
Allowance and the Community Services Card were increased to ensure no superannuitants or veterans would lose their
eligibility to these entitlements. This represents new expenditure of $280.7 million over five years.
The Government is spending $3 billion over four years in the health sector, including:
* $1.9 billion to maintain service coverage by meeting cost pressures, demographic pressures and technological change
* expanding the elective surgery initiative
* increasing the focus on obesity through Healthy Eating-Healthy Action and Get Checked
* furthering the Cancer Control strategy
* modernising information technology infrastructure
* improving services for people with disabilities and older people, including through addressing workforce issues
arising from low-paid workers in DHBs and within aged residential and home based support settings
* addressing emerging pressures on DHB pharmaceutical budgets and
* including the pneumococcal vaccine in the National Immunisation Schedule to protect the public from this disease.
Budget 2007 ensures New Zealanders will have a safe and just society through increased funding to the justice sector,
including:
* the second tranche of extra frontline police officers and additional capacity in the justice sector for the initial
flow-on effects
* construction of permanent premises for the Supreme Court, including refurbishment of the historic Wellington High
Court
* funding for the Human Rights Commission to ensure business continuity, and to improve service delivery
* funding to allow the Police Complaints Authority to investigate and review complaints against Police within agreed
timeliness and quality standards and
* implementation of the Coroners Act, including establishing the Office of the Chief Coroner, nine Coronial offices
around the country with fourteen full-time Coroners and a new Coronial Services Unit in the Ministry of Justice.
The Government remains committed to the future of young New Zealanders. Budget 2007 invests more than half a billion
dollars in major initiatives including:
* inflation adjustment for early childhood education centre general funding rates and for free ECE funding rates, and a
funding increase to Kohanga Reo
* capital funding for school property, including building new schools, new classrooms and new school gyms, modernising
existing schools and development for kura and wharekura
* extra Year 1 teachers to bring the teacher to pupil ratio down to one to eighteen by the start of the second term in
2008
* a four per cent increase in school operational funding to target pressures identified in the review of operational
funding, and other initiatives including relief teachers and schools sharing IT expertise and
* funding to maintain support for youth programmes such as Project K and AIMHI.
Madam Speaker,
The National Identity theme receives a major boost.
This Government has consistently shown that we do not shirk our international duties. The centrepiece of the National
Identity theme is raising annual Official Development Assistance by $246 million by 2010/11, reaching 0.35 per cent of
Gross National Income. This increase was identified by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Rt Hon Winston Peters, as a top
priority and implements a Labour Party manifesto promise. It allows us to address urgent Pacific and Asian development
needs. It is the largest increase in Overseas Aid in New Zealand’s history and underlines our commitment to helping
eliminate global poverty.
The Government is also strengthening the presence of New Zealand in the world through:
* Continuing to meet our Defence commitments by allocating an additional $58 million per annum from 2007/08
* Funding an increase in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade baselines of $105 million over four years to
strengthen the Ministry's overseas networks and increase their capability to deal with our international priorities
* Continuing the New Zealand Police's contribution to the Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands and the
Solomon Islands Police Force and
* increasing global science collaboration for Antarctic research as part of International Polar Year.
Budget 2007 commits $8.2 million of operating and capital funding over four years to the National Library of New Zealand
to support the Government’s Digital Content Strategy. Other initiatives include:
* providing expert information and advice relating to the creation, preservation and protection of New Zealand digital
content and
* enhancing access through public library networks.
Budget 2007 meets the Government’s commitment to Vietnam Veterans and their families with a total of $16.5 million over
the five year period 2006/07 to 2010/11. This funding is in relation to the provision of a welcome home ceremony,
medallic recognition and other initiatives around the health and well being of veterans and their families.
Budget 2007 commits $35.6 million to Māori and Treaty-related initiatives. The significant areas include:
* enhancing the Māori Television Service
* meeting the 2020 Waitangi Tribunal Settlement target
* increased operational funding for Iwi Māori Radio and
* meeting Treaty settlement objectives and improved implementation of settlements involving cultural redress.
Critical capability needs within National Identity agencies are being addressed through Budget 2007. These include:
* the Department of Conservation
* the Ministry for Culture and Heritage
* Radio New Zealand
* Archives New Zealand and
* the National Library.
In addition, the Government is investing $8 million in New Zealand On Air to maintain services and develop appropriate
programming for the emerging digital environment.
The Government is also providing $8 million to the Department of Conservation to prevent loss of biodiversity at
nationally important freshwater sites through integrated management of pests.
Madam Speaker,
Budget 2007 has presented even more difficulties than last year’s Budget in achieving an appropriate balance between the
various competing worthy demands and needs which must be met.
Maintaining surpluses at the very high levels seen over the last three years is not feasible indefinitely. Moreover,
Budget 2007 has had to accommodate the fiscal consequences of previous policies, such as Working for Families, the full
impact of which first occurs in 2007/08, the well-signalled Business Tax Reform package, and other matters arising from
confidence and supply agreements.
Significant further spending or revenue reductions in ways which would add to domestic demand, hence putting additional
pressure on inflation and the exchange rate, would not be sustainable.
I am satisfied, therefore, that the overall fiscal outturns forecast in Budget 2007 are consistent with the Government’s
long term fiscal objectives. Gross sovereign issued debt is forecast to fall to about 22 per cent of GDP by the end of
the forecast period.
Net core Crown assets, including the New Zealand Superannuation Fund, are forecast to rise to 10.3 per cent of GDP or
just over $20 billion by 30 June 2011. This compares with net core Crown debt of 20.7 per cent of GDP when I became
Minister of Finance.
Operating surpluses averaging 3.1 per cent of GDP over the forecast period are sufficient to meet the Government’s
long-term fiscal targets. And we will move from a cash surplus position over the last few years to cash deficits
averaging $1.4 billion a year.
While these remain healthy numbers in comparison with international or New Zealand’s historic standards it does indicate
a somewhat more expansionary position than the very large surpluses we have seen recently. I would gently remind the
House that the latter position has been the subject of considerable criticism inside this Chamber as well as outside.
More importantly, four factors need to be borne in mind.
The first is that some of the increased spending and foregone revenue will not be spent in New Zealand, thus reducing
any demand impacts. That is most obviously so in relation to the large increase in Official Development Assistance.
The second is that the corporate tax rate reduction should lead to increased investing for future growth and
development.
The third is that the forecast cash deficits, in every year, are less than the transfers into the New Zealand
Superannuation Fund. In other words, the overall fiscal stance remains firm.
The fourth, and most important, is that the Government has made a conscious decision to forego a substantial proportion
of its own surplus in order to underpin the most significant initiative in private saving in New Zealand’s history for
over a generation.
This initiative’s design means it will have little or no domestic demand impact and so is supportive of monetary policy
in the current economic environment.
No such initiative has been successfully introduced since the saving scheme begun by the Third Labour Government. That
scheme was overturned, initially illegally, by an incoming National Government. It was a lost opportunity to lift our
saving and investing record.
The KiwiSaver scheme is already in place and begins on 1 July. A recent survey shows a strong increase in awareness of
the scheme and a higher than anticipated level of intention to participate.
Today the Government has announced major additions to KiwiSaver which will make it even more attractive.
New Zealand now has the opportunity to build a sustainable future of greater self-reliance, greater security and greater
opportunity. KiwiSaver with these additions will greatly enhance our chances as a nation of following a sustainable path
to social and economic development.
It will provide our young families with a greater chance of owning their own home. It will lift prosperity in retirement
for millions of future retirees. It will support stronger and deeper investing in our own future, by ourselves for
ourselves.
The chance to do this has been created by seven years of strong fiscal management. It is a chance Parliament and New
Zealand should grasp with both hands.
ENDS