McDermott says RBNZ limited in its ability to influence underlying employment trends
By Jonathan Underhill
April 12 (BusinessDesk) - The Reserve Bank of New Zealand may now need to give regard to employment when setting
monetary policy but in reality its ability to influence trends in the jobs market is limited, says Reserve Bank
assistant governor John McDermott
Last month Finance Minister Grant Robertson and new governor Adrian Orr signed a new policy targets agreement (PTA) that
adds the goal of "supporting maximum levels of sustainable employment within the economy" to the existing goal of price
stability, and the government announced a switch to decisions by committee. In a speech delivered for McDermott in
Sydney today, he said the employment mandate would "reinforce the flexibility of inflation targeting" because the bank
already assessed employment in judging the impact of policy on the economy.
Monetary policy had become increasingly flexible as it has evolved since the Reserve Bank Act (1989) and that meant "we
have long had regard to the real economy, including employment," he said in a speech to a Reserve Bank of Australia
conference, titled: Inflation targeting in New Zealand: an experience in evolution.
While the PTA has been signed, the exact wording of the full employment objective in the Act is yet to be determined.
McDermott said the lack of a numerical target for full employment in the PTA was "helpful, as maximum sustainable
employment cannot be fully captured by a single indicator."
"Just as with inflation, our understanding of the labour market can always be improved as we are faced with new data,
new developments, and as new research methods become available," McDermott said. Still, "there are widely-recognised
limits to what monetary policy can do over the long run. We have some influence over the degree to which the
unemployment rate, as just one example, deviates from its underlying trend."
McDermott said that "ultimately that underlying trend is determined by factors outside of our ability to influence, that
rely instead upon the age and skills of the population, the efficiency with which jobs are matched to available workers,
and the nature of employment regulation."
Under the government's planned changes to monetary policy processes, a charter will be agreed between Robertson and the
yet-to-be-formed new monetary policy committee (MPC) within the bank. The charter will set "out the approach to issues
defined in the Act, including the approach to communications."
While the charter is in the future, Robertson has said the aim is "to reach decisions by consensus, and for
non-attributed votes to be published where there is not consensus," McDermott said. "The minister also intends for
non-attributed records of meetings to be published that reflect any differences of view among the MPC. We will no doubt
explain these and other changes – and their potential implications for the setting and communicating of policy – as they
are finalised."
Publishing the minutes of the MPC meetings will bring New Zealand into step with other central banks including the
Federal Reserve and the Australian central bank.
Decisionmaking by committee "does not guarantee superior outcomes," McDermott said. "How the MPC will operate in
practice is also extremely important. Committees are more successful when they have processes in place that aim to
minimise various human biases, such as the pressure to conform, confirmation bias, and a tendency to rely on the most
recent events to a greater extent than is sometimes warranted."
"The bank will continue to ensure our internal processes aim to maximise the benefits that committees can provide," he
said.
The government last month announced the changes under phase 1 of its review of the Reserve Bank Act. Phase 2 of the
review of the Act is still being developed to include the bank’s financial stability role and broader governance reform.
Announcements on the final scope will be made by mid-2018 and subsequent policy work will commence in the second half of
2018, Robertson said last month.
(BusinessDesk)
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