20 June 2024UN Affairs
Too often, women’s names have been erased from history, including at the signing of the landmark Refugee Convention in
1951. But, this is no longer the case for Margaret (Kitchen) Bruce, thanks to tenacious deep diving archive teams from
across the UN Organization.
To mark World Refugee Day, celebrated annually on 20 June, we’re telling you what was uncovered by these ambitious
archivists from the UN refugee agency, UNHCR, the UN Office in Geneva and the UN Archives and Records Management Section
(ARMS), which has been preserving the Organization’s memories since the very beginning in 1945:
“When the world commemorated the 70th anniversary of the 1951 Refugee Convention, ARMS was presented with a mystery.
The Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) noticed that a photograph caption from the 1951 Convention
identified three men who were present, but failed to name the only woman seated at the table.
In a quest to find an answer, archives teams from UNHCR, the UN Office in Geneva and ARMS joined forces to identify this
woman.
The first clue came from Knud Larsen, President of the Conference, seated in the middle of the photograph. In his
convention speech, he thanked a “Miss Kitchen”, Deputy Executive Secretary – located on his right – for keeping the
conference on track. Additional research disclosed that her first name was Margaret.
We then discovered that shortly after the 1951 Convention, she married and changed her name to Margaret Bruce.
This discovery opened her life story to us.
Margaret (Kitchen) Bruce was born in the United Kingdom, joining the Secretariat at the first UN General Assembly in
London in 1946.
Moving with the Organization to New York, she later married a fellow staffer, William James Bruce.
Initially joining the Human Rights Division, Margaret worked directly with Eleanor Roosevelt during the drafting of the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
She served in many key roles throughout her 32-year tenure, including the Deputy Director of the Centre for Social
Development and Humanitarian Affairs.
She retired from the UN in 1977.
Through ARMS’s careful review of the documentary evidence, her identity was rediscovered, and thus her contributions
were finally revealed to the world!