GENEVA (27 October 2023) – Laotian authorities must not deport people, including human rights defenders, to countries
where there are substantial grounds to believe that they would face an imminent risk of enforced disappearance, torture,
summary execution and other grave human rights violations, a UN expert said today.
“I am appalled that, despite numerous calls made by the United Nations, Laotian authorities disregarded their duty of
care to Mr. Lu Siwei and so blatantly ignored their obligations under international human rights law,” said Mary Lawlor,
UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders.
This warning followed reports that prominent Chinese human rights defender and lawyer, Lu Siwei, was deported in
September 2023 from the Lao People’s Democratic Republic to the People’s Republic of China where he might be subjected
to serious harm, including enforced disappearance. The UN human rights mechanisms, including Special Procedures, have
consistently raised concerns on this matter with China over the years.
“It is prohibited to return people to a country where they would face a real risk of serious harm, persecution, torture,
ill-treatment or other serious human rights violations upon return, as set out, among others, in the Convention against
Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, to which Lao PDR is a State-Party,” the expert
said. “This principle of non-refoulement is an essential protection under international human rights law and customary
law,” she said.
Lu Siwei fled China earlier this year, reportedly due to intimidation and harassment over his human rights activities.
He was reportedly subject to a travel ban before fleeing the country. Siwei was arrested in Lao PDR in July 2023, where
there was no official information about his fate and whereabouts. He was subsequently held incommunicado prior to his
recent deportation. Eight UN experts called on the Lao PDR on 11 August 2023 to release Lu Siwei from arbitrary
detention and refrain from deporting him to China, emphasising the existence of substantial grounds to believe that this
would expose him to the danger of grave human rights violations, including enforced disappearance. Nevertheless, Siwei
is now reportedly being held in a detention centre in Sichuan Province, China. He has allegedly been denied access to a
lawyer of his choice.
“I call on the Chinese authorities to release Mr. Lu Siwei immediately and, in the meantime, ensure that he has access
to adequate medical care and basic services and is free to appoint and regularly meet with a legal counsel of his own
choosing,” Lawlor said.
The Expert: Ms. Mary Lawlor (Ireland) was appointed as Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders by the Human Rights Council in 2020. She is currently Associate Professor of Business and Human Rights at the Centre for
Social Innovation (CSI) at Trinity College Dublin Business School. In 2001 she founded Front Line Defenders - the
International Foundation for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders to focus on human rights defenders at risk. As
Executive Director between 2001 and 2016, Ms. Lawlor represented Front Line Defenders and played a key role in its
development. Ms. Lawlor was previously Director of the Irish Office of Amnesty International from 1988 to 2000, after
becoming a member of the Board of Directors in 1975 and being elected its President from 1983 to 1987.