14 July 2021--The first delivery of eucalyptus trees to Aveiro in Portugal from the port of Beira in Mozambique has been received
with strong criticism by Mozambican and Portuguese groups and two international coalitions. The wood is from eucalyptus
plantations operated by Portucel Moçambique, a subsidiary of The Navigator Company, and will be used in pulp and paper
mills in Portugal. Two more deliveries are expected this year with a total volume of 100,000m3 of wood.
Portucel Moçambique has been granted 356,000 hectares of land in the provinces of Manica and Zambézia in central
Mozambique to establish eucalyptus plantations on, which is more than three times the area that The Navigator Company
controls in Portugal. So far, only 13,500 hectares have been planted, but already a large number of communities have
accused the company of violating their rights. [1]
Anabela Lemos of Justiça Ambiental in Mozambique said“Portucel Moçambique says that its plantations are improving the
living conditions of rural communities and bringing economic development to Mozambique. In reality, this neo-colonial
project is usurping the land and livelihoods of thousands of peasant families, leaving them with no options for their
lives. While peasant families lose everything that is most valuable to them, Portucel exports low-value wood more than
11,000km to supply Navigator’s factories in Portugal and claims that this is contributing to their development. The
promises made to communities of jobs, better lives and improved infrastructure have all been broken.”
NGOs have appealed to the World Bank to withdraw its financial support for Portucel’s plantations. The International
Finance Corporation, owned by the World Bank, controls about 20% of Portucel Moçambique’s shares, and the Forest
Investment Program, another World Bank initiative, is helping to finance the planting of the first 40,000 hectares. This
was included in Mozambique’s pledge to “restore forests” under the Bonn Challenge and the African Forest Landscape
Restoration Initiative (AFR100), which were launched alongside the signing of the UN’s Paris Agreement in 2011.
Kwami Kpondzo, Africa regional coordinator for the Global Forest Coalition said: “The World Bank is giving Portucel
millions to plant eucalyptus in Mozambique under the false pretext that afforestation with plantations can help solve
climate change. The opposite is true. Converting forests and agricultural land to plantations releases large amounts of
carbon. In addition, the wood is shipped thousands of kilometers just to be turned into short-lived paper products such
as office paper, toilet paper and supermarket packaging, or burned to generate electricity in Navigator’s pulp mills.”
Sergio Baffoni, campaigner with the Environmental Paper Network, said: “The wood-fibre plantations planned by Portucel
Moçambique have turned into a boomerang for local communities and the environment. The plantations have spread over
people’s land and over some of the last remaining miombo woodlands, causing pollution, soil erosion, loss of
biodiversity, increased risks of water shortage and forest fires in an area already prone to drought.”
NGOs working in Mozambique, Portugal and internationally have called on the Mozambican government to revoke Portucel
Moçambique’s land concessions due to the negative impacts that the plantations are having on the livelihoods and food
security of rural farming communities in the areas that have been planted. Across Portucel’s concession areas, 24,000
families could be impacted by future plantation expansion.
Paula Silva, a member of Quercus in Portugal stated: “Portugal’s eucalyptus plantation model is being exported at great
cost to communities and biodiversity in Mozambique. We don’t want The Navigator Company to replicate the impact it has
had here in Portugal in Mozambique or elsewhere, where decades of influence over policymakers have led to the
deregulation of the forestry sector and huge impacts on the environment.”
João Camargo, a member of the climate justice collective Climáximo in Portugal, reminds us that “The Navigator Company’s
practices mimic a colonialist extractive model, where African countries are treated like a mine. Everything is extracted
at low cost with enormous damage to the Mozambican people, and there are rich rewards for the shareholders of
multinational companies. On top of this, despite enormous publicity efforts, industrial forest plantations are not a
solution to the climate crisis. They are not forests and they have only one objective: to make a profit, even if this
implies the destruction of native forests, soils, waters and communities. This is the pulp and paper business model, a
capitalist model based on plunder.”Notes:
[1] See: https://wrm.org.uy/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Portucel_O_Processo_de_acesso_%C3%A0_Terra_e_os_direitos_das_comunidades_locais.pdf, https://environmentalpaper.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/171117-Discussion-Document-Portucel-Report-2017-English.pdf and https://globalforestcoalition.org/forest-cover-63/#mozambique