CARACAS (12 February 2021) – The UN Special Rapporteur on unilateral coercive measures and human rights, Alena Douhan, today urged the United States, European Union and other States to drop unilateral sanctions imposed against Venezuela.
At the end of a two-week visit to Venezuela, Douhan said the sanctions have exacerbated pre-existing calamities. They
have resulted in the economic, humanitarian and development crisis, with a devastating effect on the whole population of
Venezuela, especially but not only those in extreme poverty, women, children, medical workers, people with disabilities
or life-threatening or chronic diseases, and the indigenous populations.
“The devastating effect of sanctions imposed is multiplied by extra-territoriality and over-compliance adversely
affecting public and private sectors, Venezuela citizens, non-governmental organisations, third country national and
companies, said Douhan, adding that “humanitarian exemptions are lengthy, costly, ineffective and inefficient”.
“Lack of necessary machinery, spare parts, electricity, water, fuel, gas, food and medicine, growing insufficiency of
qualified workers many of whom have left the country for better economic opportunities, in particular medical personnel,
engineers, teachers, professors, judges and policemen, has enormous impact over all categories of human rights,
including the rights to life, to food, to health and to development.
“Due to the complexity of the situation I sought to meet the widest range of people to listen to their experience and
insights. I met government officials, diplomats, international agencies, opposition leaders, non-governmental
organizations, lawyers, doctors, teachers, academics, victims of human rights violations, representatives of private
business and of the church, as well as ordinary people,” Douhan said.
Sanctions were first imposed against Venezuela in 2005 and have been severely strengthened since 2015, with the most
severe ones being imposed by the United States.
Douhan stressed that unilateral measures are only legal if they are authorised by the UN Security Council, or used as
countermeasures, or do not breach any obligation of States, and do not violate fundamental human rights. She called on
the countries to observe principles and norms of international law and reminded them that humanitarian concerns should
always be taken into account with due respect to mutual respect, solidarity, cooperation and multilateralism. She plans
to issue a full report on her mission in September 2021.
Ms Alena Douhan (Belarus) was appointed as Special Rapporteur on the negative impact of the unilateral coercive measures on the enjoyment of human rights by the Human Rights Council in March 2020. Ms. Douhan has extensive experience in the
fields of international law and human rights as, a Professor of international law at the Belarusian State University
(Minsk), a visiting Professor at the the Institute for International Law of Peace and Armed conflict, (Bochum, Germany)
and the Director of the Peace Research Centre (Minsk). She received her PhD at the Belarusian State University in 2005
and obtained Dr. hab. in International Law and European Law in 2015 (Belarus). Ms. Douhan’s academic and research
interests are in the fields of international law, sanctions and human rights law, international security law, law of
international organizations, international dispute settlement, and international environmental law.