Vaccinating the poorest half of humanity – 3.7 billion people – against coronavirus could cost less than the ten biggest
pharmaceutical companies make in four months, Oxfam said today.
The agency is urging governments and pharmaceutical companies to guarantee that vaccines, tests, and treatments will be
patent-free and equitably distributed to all nations and people, ahead of the World Health Assembly next week. The
virtual meeting on Monday 18 May will be attended by health ministers from 194 countries.
The Gates Foundation has estimated that the cost of procuring and delivering a safe and effective vaccine to the world’s
poorest people is US$25 billion. Last year the top ten pharmaceutical companies made US$89 billion in profits – an
average of just under US$30 billion every four months.
Oxfam warned that rich countries and huge pharmaceutical companies – driven by national or private interests – could
prevent or delay the vaccine from reaching vulnerable people, especially those living in developing countries.
The EU has proposed the voluntary pooling of patents for coronavirus vaccines, treatments, and tests in their draft
resolution for the World Health Assembly. If made mandatory and worldwide, this would ensure that all countries could
produce, or import low cost versions, of any available vaccines, treatments, and tests. However, leaked documents reveal
that the Trump administration is trying to delete references to pooled patents and insert strong language on respecting
the patents of the pharmaceutical industry. This would give pharmaceutical companies exclusive rights to produce, and
set prices for, any vaccines, treatments and tests they develop – even if taxpayer money has been used to fund their
research and development.
Jose Maria Vera, Oxfam International Interim Executive Director said, “Providing a vaccine to 3.7 billion people could
cost less than what the ten biggest pharmaceutical companies make in four months. Anything less than guaranteeing that a
vaccine is made available free of charge to all people would be obscene.
“Vaccines, tests and treatments should be distributed according to need, not auctioned off to the highest bidder. We
need safe, patent-free vaccines, treatments and tests that can be mass produced worldwide, and a clear and fair plan for
how they will be distributed.”
Once vaccines or treatments are developed, there is also a high risk that rich and powerful governments will outbid
poorer nations and force their way to the front of the queue, as they did in the scramble for other essential medical
supplies such as personal protective equipment and oxygen.
In March, drug manufacturer Gilead moved to extend the monopoly on a potential treatment for the virus, and only
withdrew it after a public outcry. Gilead has now donated a significant portion of its current supply of remdesivir to
the US government, but news reports suggest the company could make significant profits from subsequent production. Some
Wall Street analysts expect Gilead to charge more than US$4,000 per patient for the drug, even though the cost of
remdesivir can be as low as $9 per patient.
Many poor countries are unable to access essential vaccines and medicines due to patent rules which give pharmaceutical
companies monopoly rights and the power to set prices well above what they can afford. Pneumonia is the biggest killer
of children under the age of five, with 2,000 children dying every day. For over a decade, millions of children have not
had access to patented pneumonia vaccines manufactured by Pfizer and GlaxoSmithKline due to its high cost. After years
of campaigning by Médecins San Frontieres, both companies reduced their prices in 2016, but only for the very poorest
countries, leaving millions of children still without access to their vaccine.
Oxfam is proposing a four-point global plan that calls for:Mandatory sharing of all Covid-19 related knowledge, data and intellectual property, and a commitment to make all public
funding conditional on treatments or vaccines being made patent-free and accessible to all.A commitment to deliver additional global vaccine manufacturing and distribution capacity with funding from rich country
governments. This means building factories in countries willing to share and investing now in the millions of additional
health workers needed to deliver prevention, treatment, and care both now and in the future.A globally agreed, equitable distribution plan with a locked-in fairness formula so that supply is based on need, not
ability to pay. Vaccines, treatments, and tests should be produced and supplied at the lowest cost possible to
governments and agencies, ideally no more than US$2 a dose for a vaccine, and provided free at the point of delivery to
everyone that needs it.A commitment to fix the broken system for the research and development of new medicines. The current system puts
pharmaceutical profit above the health of people across the world meaning many needed put unprofitable medicines never
get developed, and those that do are too often priced out of reach for the poorest countries and people.
Vera concluded “Delivering an affordable vaccine for everyone will require unprecedented global cooperation. Governments
must rip up the rulebook and prioritise the health of people everywhere, over the patents and profits of pharmaceutical
corporations. Governments must ensure that no one is left behind.”