End of Hegemony: UN Must Reflect Changing World Order
By Ramzy Baroud
There is a rational explanation of why India and Brazil, two countries with vast populations and large and growing
economies, are not permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC).
The Council – made up of 5 permanent and ten rotating members – was designed to reflect a world order that was birthed
from the horrific violence of World War II. It was as simple as this: Those who emerged on the side of the victors were
granted permanent membership and a ‘veto’ power that would allow a single country to defy the will of the entire
international community.
This unfair system, which has perpetually weakened the moral foundation of the UN, remains in effect to this day.
The 73rd session of the UN General Assembly just held in New York reflected both the impotence of the UN’s ability as a global platform
to address pressing problems, and also the chaotic political scene resulting from the organization’s lack of unity.
The misuse of the veto, the lack of accountability and the unfair representation at the UNSC – for example, not a single African or Latin American country is a permanent member - have all emasculated
an organization that is meant, at least on paper, to uphold international law and achieve peace and global security.
While Richard Falk, the former UN Special Rapporteur, advocates the “need for a stronger UN,” he argues that “from the perspective of current geopolitical trends (the UN) seems to
have declined almost to the vanishing point with respect to overarching challenges that states acting on their own
cannot hope to overcome.”
Some of these problems are interconnected and cannot be redeemed through short-term or provisional solutions. For
instance, climate change often leads to food shortages and hunger, which, in turn, contribute to the rising levels of
migration and, consequently, to racism and violence.
Late last year, the UN’s World Food Program reported that global hunger is, in fact, increasing, despite all attempts to curb it and to, ultimately, achieve the declared
goal of ‘zero hunger.’ According to the WFP, 815 million people suffered from hunger in 2016, an increase of nearly 40
million from the previous year. The UN body called the latest figure an ‘indictment to humanity.’
The failing fight against climate change is another ‘indictment to humanity’. The UN-sponsored Paris Agreement of 2016 was a rare shining moment for the UN, as leaders from 195 countries consented to reduce their carbon dioxide
emission through the lowering of their reliance on fossil fuel. The excitement, however, soon died out. In June 2017,
the United States government pulled out of the global accord, putting the world, once more, in peril of global warming
with its devastating impact on humanity.
This decision by the US Donald Trump Administration exemplifies the foundational problem within the UN - where one
country can dominate or derail the whole international agenda, rendering the UN practically irrelevant.
Interestingly, the UN was established in 1945 to replace a body that, too, was rendered irrelevant and ineffective: The
League of Nations.
But if the League of Nations lost its credibility because of its inability to prevent war, why has the UN survived all
these years?
Perhaps, then, the UN was never established to tackle the problems of war or global security in the first place, but
rather to reflect the new power paradigm that caters to those most invested in the existence of the UN in its current
form.
As soon as the UN was established, the US and its allies rose to dominate the global agenda.
As experience has shown, the US is committed to the UN when the international organization serves the US agenda but is
uncommitted whenever the organization fails to meet Washington’s expectations.
For example, the former US President, George W. Bush, repeatedly censured the UN for failing to support his unlawful war
efforts against Iraq. In a speech before the General Assembly, in 2002, Bush asked: "Will the United Nations serve the purpose of its founding or will it be irrelevant?"
"The purpose of its founding" here, of course, refers to the US agenda that has remained a
top UN priority for decades.
US ambassadors to the UN have worked ceaselessly to undermine various UN institutions that refuse to toe the American
line. The current US ambassador, Nikki Haley, is far more aggressive than her predecessors, as her antagonistic language and undiplomatic tactics - especially in
the context of the illegal Israeli Occupation and Apartheid in Palestine - further highlight the deteriorating
relationship between Washington and the UN.
Indeed, the UN is not a monolithic institution. It is a supranational body that simply reflects the nature of global
power. In post-WWII, the UN became divided around political and ideological lines resulting from the Cold War. At the
end of the Cold War era, in the early 1990s, the UN became an American tool reflecting the US quest for global
domination.
Starting from 2003, the UN has entered a new era in which the US is no longer the only hegemonic power; the rise of China and Russia as economic hubs and military actors, in addition to the rise of regional and economic
blocs elsewhere, are causing a greater and growing challenge to the US at the UNSC and various other UN institutions.
Although the General Assembly remains largely impotent, it is still able to, occasionally, challenge the dominance of
great powers through its support of other UN bodies, such as UNESCO, the International Court of Justice, the World Health Organization and so on.
The world is vastly changing, yet the UN continues its operations based on an archaic and faulty formula that crowned
the winners of WWII as the world's leaders. There can be no hope for the UN if it continues to operate on the basis of
such erroneous assumptions, and it should not take another global war for the UN to be reformed to reflect this new and
irreversible reality.
- Ramzy Baroud is a journalist, author and editor of Palestine Chronicle. His latest book is ‘The Last Earth: A
Palestinian Story’ (Pluto Press, London, 2018). He earned a Ph.D. in Palestine Studies from the University of Exeter and
is a Non-Resident Scholar at Orfalea Center for Global and International Studies, UCSB.