Thailand must act to prevent resurgence of illegal wild elephant trade
7th July 2014
Bangkok, Thailand,—Wild live elephants are being illegally captured to supply the lucrative tourism industry in Thailand and urgent
changes to the country's legislation and elephant registration procedures are needed to stop the trafficking, finds a
new report released today.
An assessment of the live elephant trade in Thailand provides details of between 79 and 81 wild elephants illegally captured for sale into the tourist industry in Thailand
between April 2011 and March 2013.
At least 60% of the animals trafficked originated in Myanmar where the capture of elephants is considered a serious
threat to the future survival of that country's wild population of around 4,000–5,000 Asian Elephants.
In Myanmar, domesticated elephants are used to corral wild animals into pit-traps where older protective members of
herds are often killed and the higher value, younger animals taken. The young are then transported to Thai—Myanmar
border areas and then mentally broken and prepared for training before being sold into the tourism industry in Thailand
where they are put to work at tourist camps or hotels.
A Thai government-led clampdown against the trade began in February 2012 which examined the authenticity of the origin
and ownership documentation of elephants held in captivity, but was not backed up with the necessary legislative changes
to consolidate any gains made.
"Thailand's actions have caused the illegal trade in live elephants from Myanmar to halt, but unless urgent changes are
made to outdated legislation and better systems are introduced to document the origin of elephants in tourists camps and
other locations across Thailand things could quickly revert to their previous unacceptable state," said Dr Chris
Shepherd, TRAFFIC's Regional Director for South-East Asia.
The report details the current legislation concerning live elephants in Thailand with different laws governing the
status of animals from wild and domestic origin and young animals only needing to be registered once they reach eight
years of age.
"There are gaping holes in the current legislation, which do little to deter unscrupulous operators passing off
wild-caught young animals as being of captive origin and falsifying birth and ownership documentation," said Joanna
Cary-Elwes, Campaigns Manager, Elephant Family.
Penalties for those transgressing the law are also low, with the report describing them as "woefully insufficient to act
as a deterrent to elephant traffickers."
Confiscations of elephants in Thailand increased from single individuals in the period 2009 to 2011, to 34 animals in
2012 and 22 more in the first nine months of 2013. The animals were seized as part of the government clampdown although
it is unclear how many prosecutions of owners of animals illegally held has subsequently taken place.
The report recommends urgent reforms so wild and domesticated animals are governed under one law with an emphasis on
clarifying responsibilities for management, enforcement, co-ordination and oversight, as well as simplification of the
ownership and registration of live elephants, including mandatory DNA registration and use of microchips.
This week, an intercessional meeting of government representatives to the Convention on International Trade in
Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) takes place where a discussion on the trade in live elephants will be
on the agenda and the decision making body has the authority to instruct implicated countries to take decisive action
against the trade.
Also on the agenda will be progress made by a number of countries, including Thailand, in implementing their Ivory
Action Plans to address illegal trade in elephant ivory. The current 75-year old Thai legislation allows ivory from
domesticated Thai elephants to be used legally, which has created a loophole whereby illegal ivory from Africa is
laundered into the marketplace.
"Thailand's legislation concerning ivory and the ownership of elephants is out-of-date and inadequate," said Joanna
Cary-Elwes.
"All eyes will be on Thailand at this week's CITES meeting to see what they are doing to address these critically
important issues. The Asian Elephant is the forgotten elephant; it needs government support now more than ever. If the
capture and smuggling of calves is not stopped, some of the last great wild populations of the species are at risk of
extinction."
An Assessment of the live elephant trade in Thailand was prepared by TRAFFIC, the wildlife trade monitoring network, on behalf of Elephant Family, an organization dedicated
to the conservation of Asian Elephants.
ENDS