UN expert urges States to be more transparent on military expenditure
BRUSSELS (16 May 2014) – At the conclusion of an expert consultation convened by the Independent Expert on the Promotion
of a Democratic and Equitable International Order in Brussels on 15 May and attended by senior representatives of
several organizations including NATO, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Transparency
International, the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF), the Women’s International League for
Peace and Freedom (WILPF), the International Peace Bureau (IPB), the Bonn International Conversion Center (BICC), the
Group for Research and Information for Peace (GRIP), the Quaker Council for European Affairs and the Flemish Peace
Institute, the Independent Expert, Alfred de Zayas, called for increased transparency on military expenditure:
“Since a democratic and equitable international order requires peace, States must engage in good faith negotiations for
disarmament and significantly reduce military expenditure and the arms trade. While States frequently give lip service
to disarmament and some progress could be observed, considerable efforts should still be made to reduce military
spending. There is a general lack of transparency with regard to military budgets worldwide. Governments are reluctant
to come forward with detailed information and statistics on military expenditures. Insufficient attention is devoted to
these issues by the media, as if such matters were taboo. There is also scarce public participation in the determination
of budget priorities. Powerful lobbies, including the military-industrial complex, weigh heavily on parliaments and
governments and impose priorities that have no democratic legitimacy.
In order to remedy this situation, States should proactively inform their citizens concerning past, present and future
military expenditure and engage the public in a debate on budget priorities. Good practices in combatting corruption and
increasing transparency should be promoted. Moreover, the culture of fear that is advanced in some countries to justify
the need for more sophisticated and extremely expensive weapons should be combatted.
States should henceforth report to the Human Rights Council on military expenditure, not only on the production and
stockpiling of weapons, personnel and military bases abroad, but also on military-related research, including research
into nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction. The Universal Periodic Review (UPR) procedure would be an
appropriate forum to discuss a shift away from the “military first” approach prevalent in many countries towards the
promotion of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights. States should report to the UPR on the percentage
of the national budget used for all military-related expenditure (including slush funds) and contrast it against the
percentage of the budget devoted for the administration of justice, education and health care.
Disarmament would help free resources necessary for sustainable development. Financial resources released through
disarmament and downscaling of the military should be used to retrain personnel and to promote development of peaceful
industries domestically and internationally.”
ENDS