Eastern Congo Reaches New Depths Of Suffering As Militias Take Control
-- Killing, kidnapping, rape and displacement increases dramatically across the Kivus, Oxfam warns --
Millions of people in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo are now at the mercy of militias as the country's
long-running conflict descends into widespread lawlessness with killing, kidnapping and abuse against the population at
alarming levels, international agency Oxfam today.
Local organisations Oxfam works with are reporting a steep increase in forced child recruitment, killing, looting and
rape across the two eastern provinces of North and South Kivu due to a security vacuum and a proliferation of armed
groups.
Rebel groups have taken control of vast swathes of the east, Oxfam said today, leaving a terrifying absence of state
authority and security. Close to half a million people have fled their homes in the past four months and a humanitarian
crisis has descended into “catastrophe”.
As regional leaders meet in Kampala, Uganda to seek a resolution to the conflict at the International Conference of the
Great Lakes Region on 7 and 8 August, Oxfam says that protection of civilians and a resolution to the regional
dimensions of the conflict must be top of the agenda.
“We have reached a new depth of misery in Congo’s conflict when massacres go virtually unnoticed,” said Oxfam’s
Associate Country Director Elodie Martel. “Vast swathes of the east have descended into chaos with no government or
security presence. People have been abandoned to killing, rape, looting and extortion. They are fleeing for their lives
and very little is being done to help.”
A mutiny within the Government Army in April triggered a new rebellion, M23, in the east and prompted a government
offensive around the town of Rutshuru in North Kivu. The focus on M23 has pulled security forces from other fragile
areas of the east, leaving opportunistic militia groups battling for control of villages and towns.
Hundreds of people have been killed in attacks against villages in South Kivu, houses burnt and people kidnapped
according to local and UN reports. One village in Lubero, North Kivu, has been under control of a notorious rebel group
since May with no police, army or government presence. Forced labour is widespread, with a $10 fine for non-cooperation;
people face abduction if they denounce abuse according to local groups Oxfam works with.
The humanitarian consequences of the conflict are huge, Oxfam said. Cholera is a real risk in displacement camps
surrounding Goma and across many areas of the east, while insecurity is making aid delivery to remote and
conflict-affected areas extremely difficult. Since January more than 20,000 cases of cholera and 481 deaths have been
reported across the country.
Movement of people is chaotic, with thousands fleeing on a daily basis, sometimes returning home, hiding for weeks in
the forest, staying with neighbours of friends or setting up makeshift shelters in camps. The highly unpredictable
conflict means areas are frequently changing hands with rebels and government troops accused of looting homes and
harvesting people’s fields as they move from one offensive to the next.
It is the crucial harvest season but people are too afraid to go to their fields to farm or are displaced far from home
and unable to gather their crops say local organisations Oxfam partners with. A whole host of rebel groups are stealing
crops or enforcing illegal taxes if farmers try to transport their goods to market. In Rutshuru people are being charged
300 USD for a truck to pass points along the main road and 50 USD for smaller vans, putting a massive illegal tax on
traders and farmers, while shopkeepers in Rutshuru say they are too scared to keep their businesses open in case they
are looted.
“The lack of action to stop massacres and abuses against Congolese people is appalling,” said Martel. “The United
Nations, the Congolese government, regional governments, the international community – everyone needs to stop the
catastrophe in Congo once and for all. We should no longer be calling this a forgotten war. The realities of torture,
rebel rule and absolute terror should be etched on every politicians’ mind and top of their agenda.”
Notes to editors
1. More than 400,000 people were displaced between the end of May and the end of July, with a further 54,000 people
fleeing to Uganda and Rwanda since April, pushing the number of displaced people to more than two million – the highest
number of internally displaced people in Congo since the end of 2009.
2. Oxfam is working in Kibati camp, 7kms north of Goma, trucking water and doing public health promotion for an
estimated 30,000 people who have fled renewed fighting in North Kivu. We are working in the conflict-affected area of
Mweso providing water and protection support to 47,000 people and food security programmes to 18,000. In Beni territory,
our emergency food security, water, sanitation and protection programmes are reaching more than 160,000 people. In
Lubero, our water sanitation and protection programmes assisting 66,000 people continue. In Rutshuru we plan to provide
40,000 people with water and sanitation support but these operations have been temporarily suspended due to insecurity.
3. Figures for reported killings are difficult to verify but MONUSCO reported 98 civilians killed in 11 villages between
9 and 25 May across North Kivu. There was incident in June in remote areas of South Kivu where people were killed and
huts were burned but the number of fatalities is unknown. In Shabunda and Kalehe territories in South Kivu, and in
neighbouring Masisi and Walikale territories in North kivu, reportedly more than 100 civilians were killed in recent
months linked to increasing ethnic tensions between communities. In July, there were reports of people being killed for
refusing to carry water for rebels following clashes in Kiwanja town.
ENDS