Information Sheets to Better Save Reef Fisheries

Sea cucumbers, lobsters and other fish species are in danger of disappearing from Pacific island fisheries unless they are protected by villagers and local fishermen through measures recommended by a new series of information sheets.

Actions such as reducing or stopping the use of SCUBA to fish for such species are some of the measures recommended in 16 information sheets, especially targeted at Pacific Communities, and being launched today in Suva, Fiji.

The sheets, developed by scientists and managers from the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) and the Locally-Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network, are in response to the urgent need to protect the region’s coastal fisheries in the face of projected climate change impacts and increasing population growth.

The Pacific population is predicted to increase by 50 per cent by 2030 and already many reef systems are struggling from intense fishing pressure.

SPC research indicates that tropical Pacific reef fish populations could decline by up to 20 per cent by 2050 and up to 50 per cent by 2100. Climate change will affect fish population distribution and numbers as rising sea temperatures reduces the food available to reef fish and changes the timing and success of fish reproduction.

Most coastal communities in the Pacific rely on reef fisheries for food, and fewer fish in their catches will increase the gap between available fish and the protein needed for their food security.

The average annual consumption of fish per person (including shellfish) by coastal Pacific populations ranges from 30–118 kilograms in Melanesia, 62–115 kilograms in Micronesia, and 50–146 kilograms in Polynesia. This is significantly more than the annual consumption globally of just 17 kilograms per person.

“It’s good to have something ready for our next generation. I see that there’s plenty of fish, but we know that it takes many years for the growth of the coral and for fishes to give birth,” says Kini Ravonoloa, Votua Village Chief and FLMMA representative for Koroleviwai.

“My advice is that we should keep a place protected for the fishes and other organisms that they live in the sea to have more time to reproduce.”

Management programs already in place in Fiji have proven successful, as Pio Radikedike, site manager for Veratavou, Viti Levu in Fiji reports.

“We have increased the number of MPAs [closed areas] in our village because the communities, the chiefs, have seen the benefits from what we have been doing. Now we have three – two on the mudflats near my village for the clams and other small species, and one on the reefs for fish and sea cucumbers, not only for my village, but for the benefit of the whole district.”`

Dr Hugh Govan, advisor for the LMMA Network, says the combination of local community knowledge and scientific research is invaluable.

“Communities in the Pacific are well placed to manage their own fisheries as they still usually have traditional and local knowledge of their areas and resources. In fact over 400 communities are known to be managing their inshore areas in the Pacific,” he says.

“However, communities gain much from access to scientific information on aspects of biology and ecology or experiences of communities elsewhere to help improve their management practices in the face of emerging modern challenges.”

The information sheets will be distributed to communities across the Pacific. Funding for the printing and distribution of the information sheets was provided by the European Union-funded SciCOFish (scientific support for the management of coastal and oceanic fisheries in the Pacific Islands region) project.

“What is unique about these sheets is that, together, the SPC and LMMA Network are trying to get a consistent message to all Pacific communities in terms of resource management,” says Ian Bertram, Coastal Fisheries Science and Management Adviser for the SPC.

The informationsheetscan be downloaded from this web address:
http://www.spc.int/coastfish/en/component/content/article/393-guide-and-information-sheets-for-fishing-communities.html

Fact sheet: Pacific Community Fisheries Information Sheets

Actions to help communities manage own fisheries
The new information sheets outline actions that local communities can take to lead in the protection of their own fisheries resources.

Actions that will help depleted fish stocks to recover include:

• establishing permanent or seasonal bans on fishing in certain areas
• allowing fishing in areas that change on a rotational basis
• banning the collection of female lobsters and female crabs carrying eggs
• banning fishing or using fence traps during spawning seasons or within spawning areas
• introducing size limits for different species to protect juvenile fish and invertebrates

Information sheets build on success stories
One site in Pohnpei, island capital of the Federated States of Micronesia, addressed a marine poaching problem by building a permanent floating raft to use as a live-aboard patrol station. The raft helps community volunteers to stay closer to the protected area. Since the raft’s completion, the average number of poachers has been reduced from 10 per month to zero.
Octopus is a favourite food in many communities but there are many reports of declines in their numbers in the region. Some communities have experimented with no-take reserves and this approach is supported by scientific evidence. So the recommended measures in the information sheets to protect and promote octopus populations are to establish no-take reserves where fishing of octopus is banned.

Information sheets on 16 species

The 16 families/species included in the sheets are divided into two groups: finfish and invertebrates.

Scientists and managers collaborate to produce best information possible
The sheets were produced through collaboration between scientists from the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) and the Locally-Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network, a network of communities and government and non-government partners working in community-driven marine management and conservation.

Funding for the printing and distribution of the information sheets was provided by the European Union-funded SciCOFish (scientific support for the management of coastal and oceanic fisheries in the Pacific Islands region) project.

When producing the information sheets, the SPC and LMMA Network wanted to make sure that:

• the recommended management options had been scientifically proven to improve resource sustainability
• the measures were relatively easy for communities to implement
• provision was made for measures such as total restrictions where necessary

The sheets are not a ‘one size fits all’ approach because the Pacific represents three major ethnic groups (Melanesian, Micronesian and Polynesian) whose culture, education, needs, income and food sources all vary.

The information sheets use simple language so community fishing workers could hand the sheets out as they are, or translate the information into local language, or hand them out to community resource management groups, schools and the fishers themselves.
Nineteen English-speaking Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICT) will receive the sheets. There are also French and Portuguese versions for the three French territories and Timor-Leste.

Guide to information sheets
The sheets are bundled with a guide that shows marine classifications as well as inshore fishing methods and gear. Some of the basic types of fishing gear explained in the guide include reef gleaning, spears, portable traps, towing lures, and gill, ring and seine nets.

Diagrams illustrating how fish reserves and no-take areas have been established are included. Recommended discussions within fishing communities and a glossary of useful terms can also be found in the guide.

Saving an important food resource
The average annual consumption of fish per person (including shellfish) by coastal Pacific populations ranges from 30–118 kilograms in Melanesia, 62–115 kilograms in Micronesia, and 50–146 kilograms in Polynesia. This is significantly more than the annual consumption by Australians (25kg/person) and the French (35kg/person).

In comparison: According to 2007 statistics from the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, annual per capita fish consumption in Australia is 25kg, in Korea 54kg, Netherlands 52kg, Spain 41kg and France 35kg. The global per capita consumption of fish is estimated at 17 kilograms per year.

ENDS

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