Hector's, Maui's Dolphins Are Disappearing

Care for the Wild International (CWI)

NEW RESEARCH CONFIRMS HECTOR’S AND MAUI ’S DOLPHINS ARE DISAPPEARING

Newly published research from the University of Otago confirms that Hector’s dolphins are disappearing more than ten times faster than populations can sustain.

Associate Professors Liz Slooten and Steve Dawson applied a standard method used to assess whether human induced mortality is causing the decline of marine mammal populations to Hector’s and Maui’s dolphins. The technique was developed by the US National Marine Fisheries Service and calculates the level of impact beyond which populations will decline - the Potential Biological Removal (PBR).

Care for the Wild’s chief executive Dr Barbara Maas says, “The results of this newly published research closely match similar models used by NIWA, the fishing industry and earlier analyses by the University of Otago and once again confirm the utterly indefensible death toll fishing imposes on the world’s rarest dolphin species. It doesn’t take a biologist to understand that killing Hector’s dolphins more than ten times faster than they can breed is unsustainable and will lead to extinction. With a mere 111 Maui’s dolphins left in the world, there isn’t very far to go either.”

Hector’s and Maui’s dolphin numbers are severely depleted. Hector’s dolphins take years to reach maturity, breed very slowly and only give birth to one calf. Populations are therefore extremely vulnerable. The death of even one animal a year, whether as a result of fishing, pollution, marine mining, disease or boat strikes spells the end for most populations. The figure for the species as a whole is less than ten animals a year.

“If Hector’s dolphins are to recover, fishing related mortality must be kept well below these limits”, says Dr Maas. “But according to NIWA, each year 110 to 150 Hector’s dolphins die in commercial gill nets alone.” As a result, Hector’s dolphin populations have dwindled by more than two thirds since the 1970s. Maui’s dolphins, the North Island subspecies of Hector’s, are even worse off. More than 90% have already been lost as a result of net entanglements.”

Full protection against human impacts, including commercial and recreational gill-netting and trawling would allow dolphin numbers to recover to about 15,000 over the next 50 years.

“Every analysis to date has shown that if Hector’s dolphins are to be saved, gillnets need to be removed from their habitat. Although the Government announced new fishing restrictions to improve Hector’s and Maui’s dolphin protection against fishing earlier in the year, these measures don’t go far enough and won’t ensure population recovery.”

The scientific community, represented by the Society for Marine Mammology, the IUCN’s Cetacean Specialist Group and more than 170 international conservation organisations have urged the Government to fully protect Hector’s and Maui’s dolphins from fishing nets.

“Although the fishing industry played an active role in the research and public consultation that led to the compromise measures agreed by the Government, it is now contesting the new regulations in court”, says Care for the Wild’s Dr Maas. This wastes valuable time and resources and more dolphins will die as a result.

New Zealand holds this species in trust for the rest of the world. Unless New Zealand protects Hector’s and Maui’s dolphins will be lost to us forever.

Notes to editors:

1. Professors Liz Slooten and Steve Dawson’s research is published in the Open Conservation Journal: http://bentham.org/open/toconsbj/openaccess2.htm

2. Care for the Wild International (CWI)

CWI is a conservation and animal welfare charity that funds practical projects around the world. We make areas safe from poachers, rehabilitate sick or injured animals and provide sanctuary for those who can not return to the wild. We also act as a global voice for wildlife through research, education and advocacy, and expose animal cruelty and wildlife crime.

3. Hector’s Dolphins Facts

-Hector’s dolphins are classified as Endangered by the Red List of Endangered Species. This means that Hector’s are “facing a high risk of extinction in the near future”.

-Numbers have declined from 21,000-29,000 in the 1970s to less than 8,000 today.

-Commercial and recreational fishing is responsible for almost 70% of Hector’s dolphin deaths. Because not all deaths are reported, this is a minimum estimate.

-Other threats include boat strikes, pollution, sand-mining, coastal development and harassment.

-Existing protection measures have failed to halt the species decline. Hector’s dolphins will only be safe into the future if all threats of commercial and recreational fishing are removed.

4. Maui’s Dolphins Facts

Maui’s dolphins are classified as Critically Endangered by the Red List of Endangered Species. This means that Maui’s dolphins are “facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the immediate future”.

Only 111 Maui’s dolphins survive.

There are just 25 breeding females left amongst about 60 breeding adults.

Females only have one calf every 2-4 years and do not reach breeding age until they are 7-9 years old. These species’ potential for recovery is therefore extremely slow.

Maui’s dolphins prefer shallow waters up to 100m deep and are therefore highly vulnerable to nets.

5. Images and footage

Please see www.careforthewild.com/files/pictures13

CWI is a wildlife charity that promotes the conservation and welfare of wild animals around the world through direct projects, education, research and science-based advocacy.

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