Disturbed, hungry, lost: climate change and whales

Press Release
Embargoed for 00:01GMT on 22 May 2007

Disturbed, hungry and lost - climate change impacts on whales

Gland, Switzerland - Whales, dolphins and porpoises are facing increasing threats from climate change, according to a new report published by WWF and the Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society (WDCS) ahead of the 59th meeting of the International Whaling Commission.

The report Whales in hot water? highlights the growing impacts of climate change on cetaceans. They range from changes in sea temperature and the freshening of the seawater because of the melting of ice and increased rainfalls, to sea level rise, loss of icy polar habitats and the decline of krill populations in key areas.

Krill - a tiny shrimp-like marine animal that is dependent on sea ice - is the main source of food for many of the great whales.

Accelerating climate change adds significantly to disturbances from other human activities, such as chemical and noise pollution, collisions with ships and entanglement in fishing nets, which kills some 1,000 cetaceans every day.

"Whales, dolphins and porpoises have some capacity to adapt to their changing environment," said Mark Simmonds, International Director of Science at WCDS. "But the climate is now changing at such a fast pace that it is unclear to what extent whales and dolphins will be able to adjust, and we believe many populations to be very vulnerable to predicted changes."

Climate change impacts are currently greatest in the Arctic and the Antarctic. According to the report, cetaceans that rely on polar, icy waters for their habitat and food resources - such as belugas, narwhal, and bowhead whales - are likely to be dramatically affected by the reduction of sea ice cover.

And as sea ice cover decreases, there will be more human activities, such as commercial shipping, oil, gas and mining exploration and development as well as military activities, in previously untouched areas of the Arctic.

"This will result in much greater risks from oil and chemical spills, worse acoustic disturbance and more collisions between whales and ships," said the lead author of the report, Wendy Elliott, from WWF's Global Species Programme.

Other projected impacts of climate change listed in the report include: reduction of available habitat for several cetacean species unable to move into colder waters (e.g. river dolphins); the acidification of the oceans as they absorb growing quantities of CO2; an increased susceptibility of cetaceans to diseases; and reduced reproductive success, body condition and survival rates.

Climate change could also be the nail in the coffin for the last 300 or so endangered North Atlantic right whales, as the survival of their calves has been directly related to the effects of climate variability on prey abundance.

WCDS and WWF are urging governments to cut CO2 global emissions by at least 50 per cent by the middle of this century. The latest report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change showed it was possible to stop global warming if the world's emissions start to decline before 2015.

The two conservation organizations further call on the International Whaling Commission to facilitate research on future impacts of climate change on cetaceans, including by supporting a special climate change workshop in the coming year; elaborate conservation and management plans in light of the climate change threat; and increase efforts and resources to fight all the other threats to cetaceans.

ENDS

NOTES TO EDITORS:

* The report 'Whales in hot water?' can be downloaded at: www.panda.org/species/iwc and www.wdcs.org/publications

* For broadcast-standard video supporting this press release, please visit www.thenewsmarket.com/wwf. If you are a first-time user, please take a moment to register. In case you have any questions, please email wwf[at]thenewsmarket.com.

* In the Arctic, sea ice is being lost at a tremendous rate - an area of ice the size of Italy was lost from 2005 to 2006.

* In the Antarctic, sea ice is also decreasing in certain areas, resulting in massive declines in krill which spend the winter under the ice.

* The cumulative impact of climate change on other human induced impacts on cetaceans (such as pollution, bycatch and overfishing) means that reducing all threats to cetaceans is now essential for their long-term survival.

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