An Open Letter to the American People: October '04

October, 2004
An Open Letter to the American People:

We, a nonpartisan group of foreign affairs specialists, have joined together to call urgently for a change of course in American foreign and national security policy. We judge that the current American policy centered around the war in Iraq is the most misguided one since the Vietnam period, one which harms the cause of the struggle against extreme Islamist terrorists. One result has been a great distortion in the terms of public debate on foreign and national security policy—an emphasis on speculation instead of facts, on mythology instead of calculation, and on misplaced moralizing over considerations of national interest. [1] We write to challenge some of these distortions.

Although we applaud the Bush Administration for its initial focus on destroying al-Qaida bases in Afghanistan, its failure to engage sufficient U.S. troops to capture or kill the mass of al-Qaida fighters in the later stages of that war was a great blunder. It is a fact that the early shift of U.S. focus to Iraq diverted U.S. resources, including special operations forces and intelligence capabilities, away from direct pursuit of the fight against the terrorists. [2]

Many of the justifications offered by the Bush Administration for the war in Iraq have been proven untrue by credible studies, including by U.S. government agencies. There is no evidence that Iraq assisted al-Qaida, and its prewar involvement in international terrorism was negligible. [3] Iraq’s arsenal of chemical and biological weapons was negligible, and its nuclear weapons program virtually nonexistent. [4] In comparative terms, Iran is and was much the greater sponsor of terrorism, and North Korea and Pakistan pose much the greater risk of nuclear proliferation to terrorists. Even on moral grounds, the case for war was dubious: the war itself has killed over a thousand Americans and unknown thousands of Iraqis, and if the threat of civil war becomes reality, ordinary Iraqis could be even worse off than they were under Saddam Hussein. The Administration knew most of these facts and risks before the war, and could have discovered the others, but instead it played down, concealed or misrepresented them.

Policy errors during the occupation and reconstruction of Iraq have created a situation in Iraq worse than it needed to be. Spurning the advice of Army Chief of Staff General Shinseki, the Administration committed an inadequate number of troops to the occupation, leading to the continuing failure to establish security in Iraq. Ignoring prewar planning by the State Department and other US government agencies, it created a needless security vacuum by disbanding the Iraqi Army, and embarked on a poorly planned and ineffective reconstruction effort which to date has managed to spend only a fraction of the money earmarked for it. [5] As a result, Iraqi popular dismay at the lack of security, jobs or reliable electric power fuels much of the violent opposition to the U.S. military presence, while the war itself has drawn in terrorists from outside Iraq.

The results of this policy have been overwhelmingly negative for U.S. interests. [6] While the removal of Saddam Hussein’s regime was desirable, the benefit to the U.S. was small as prewar inspections had already proven the extreme weakness of his WMD programs, and therefore the small size of the threat he posed. On the negative side, the excessive U.S. focus on Iraq led to weak and inadequate responses to the greater challenges posed by North Korea’s and Iran’s nuclear programs, and diverted resources from the economic and diplomatic efforts needed to fight terrorism in its breeding grounds in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and elsewhere in the Middle East. Worse, American actions in Iraq, including but not limited to the scandal of Abu Ghraib, have harmed the reputation of the U.S. in most parts of the Middle East and, according to polls, made Osama Bin Laden more popular in some countries than is President Bush. This increased popularity makes it easier for al-Qaida to raise money, attract recruits, and carry out its terrorist operations than would otherwise be the case.

Recognizing these negative consequences of the Iraq war, in addition to the cost in lives and money, we believe that a fundamental reassessment is in order. Significant improvements are needed in our strategy in Iraq and the implementation of that strategy. We call urgently for an open debate on how to achieve these ends, one informed by attention to the facts on the ground in Iraq, the facts of al-Qaida’s methods and strategies, and sober attention to American interests and values.

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[1] On the mythology, see Jack Snyder, “Imperial Temptations,” The National Interest, Spring 2003.

[2] See, e.g., James Fallows, “Bush’s Lost Year,” The Atlantic, October 2004.

[3] National Commission on Terrorist Attacks, “The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States,” (W.W. Norton & Co., 2004).

[4] The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, “WMD in Iraq: Evidence and Implications,” January 2004; Chaim Kaufmann, “Threat Inflation and the Failure of the Marketplace of Ideas: The Selling of the Iraq War,” International Security vol. 29, no. 1 (Summer 2004). Weapons inspector Charles Duelfer concluded Saddam's Iraq had no stockpiles of weapons of mass destruction in an interview on NPR’s “All Things Considered,” October 6, 2004.

[5] See, e.g., James Fallows, “Blind Into Baghdad,” The Atlantic, January/February 2004; Peter W. Galbraith, "Iraq: The Bungled Transition," New York Review of Books, September 23, 2004; David M. Edelstein, "Occupational Hazards: Why Military Occupations Succeed or Fail," International Security, Vol. 29, No. 1 (Summer 2004), Robin Wright and Thomas E. Rick, “Bremer Criticizes Troop Levels” Washington Post, October 5, 2004.

[6] On negative impacts on the war on terrorism, see Mia Bloom, Dying to Kill: The Allure of Suicide Terrorism (New York: Columbia University Press, forthcoming); Ivan Arreguin-Toft, “Tunnel at the End of the Light: A Critique of U.S. Counter-Terrorist Grand Strategy,” Cambridge Review of International Affairs, vol. 15, no. 3 (2002); Robert A. Pape, “The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism,” American Political Science Review 97, no. 3 (August 2003), and “Dying to Kill Us,” New York Times, September 22, 2003, p. A17; Anonymous, Imperial Hubris (Washington, DC: Brassey’s, 2004). Regarding problems in Iraq itself, see Anthony H. Cordesman, “The Critical Role of Iraqi Military, Security, and Police Forces: Necessity, Problems, and Progress,” Center for Strategic and International Studies, Third Revised Draft: September 27, 2004 (3.1); David Rapoport, “The Fourth Wave: September 11 in the History of Terrorism,” Current History (December 2001); and Douglas Jehl, "US Intelligence Shows Pessimism On Iraq's Future," The New York Times, September 16, 2004, page A1.

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There are 729 signatures as of 6:00 PM on 13 October 2004. If you are a scholar of international affairs and would like your signature added, please e-mail us at sensibleforeignpolicy@gmail.com.

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Paul Aarts
Senior Lecturer in International Relations, Department of Political Science
University of Amsterdam

Richard M. Abrams
Professor of History and Associate Dean, International & Area Studies
University of California Berkeley

Gordon Adams
Director, Security Policy Studies, Elliott School of International Affairs
George Washington University

Jeremy Adelman
Walter Samuel Carpenter III Professor of Spanish Civilization and Culture
Princeton University

Vinod K. Aggarwal
Professor, Department of Political Science
University of California at Berkeley

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Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science
University of Houston

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Associate Professor, Political Science
San Diego State University

Hayward R. Alker
John A. McCone Professor of International Relations, University of Southern California
Adjunct Professor of International Relations, Watson Institute, Brown University

Karen J. Alter
Associate Professor of Political Science
Northwestern University

Jose E. Alvarez
Professor of Law and Executive Director, Center on Global Legal Problems
Columbia Law School

Marie Anchordoguy
Associate Professor, Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies
University of Washington

Lisa Anderson
Dean, School of International and Public Affairs and Professor, Political Science Department
Columbia University

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Assistant Professor of Political Science and International Studies
Brown University

George Andreopoulos
Associate Professor of Political Science, John Jay College of Criminal Justice and the Graduate Center
City University of New York

David E. Apter
Henry J. Heinz II Professor Emeritus of Comparative Political and Social Development and Senior Research Scientist
Yale University

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Southern Illinois University

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Reed College, Portland, Oregon

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Rutgers University

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Hamilton College

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Rockefeller College, University at Albany, SUNY

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Ohio University

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University of Maryland

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Brown University

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Michael P. Grace Associate Professor, Department of Political Science
University of Notre Dame

Elaine C. Hagopian
Professor Emerita of Sociology
Simmons College, Boston

Stacy Bergstrom Haldi
Adjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science
Gettysburg College

Rodney Bruce Hall
Academic Director, Oxford University Foreign Service Programme
University of Oxford

Gary G. Hamilton
Department of Sociology and The Jackson School of International Studies
University of Washington

Landon E. Hancock
Visiting Assistant Professor, Institute for Conflict Analysis & Resolution
George Mason University

Patrick J. Haney
Professor, Assistant Chair and Chief Departmental Adviser, Department of Political Science
Miami University

Hurst Hannum
Professor of International Law and Co-Director, Center for Human Rights & Conflict Resolution, The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy
Tufts University

Russell Hardin
Professor, Department of Politics
New York University

Jeffrey Hart
Professor, Department of Political Science
Indiana University

Walter Hatch
Assistant Professor, Department of Government
Colby College

Virginia Haufler
Associate Professor and Placement Director Department of Government and Politics
University of Maryland College Park

David R Hayes
Assistant Professor of International Relations
Troy State University

Waleed Hazbun
Assistant Professor Department of Political Science
The Johns Hopkins University

John Hazlett
Director, B.A. in International Studies, College of Liberal Arts
University of New Orleans

Martin O. Heisler
Professor of Government and Politics
University of Maryland

Yoshiko Herrera
Associate Professor of Government
Harvard University

Gary Herrigel
Associate Professor of Political Science and the College
University of Chicago

Richard K. Herrmann
Professor, Department of Political Science
Ohio State University

Shareen Hertel
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science and Human Rights Institute
University of Connecticut, Storrs

David Hirschmann
Professor and Director, International Development Program
School of International Service American University

Theresa Hitchens
Vice President
Center for Defense Information

Jennifer L. Hochschild
Henry LaBarre Jayne Professor of Government and Professor of African and African American Studies
Harvard University

Kathryn Hochstetler
Political Science Department
Colorado State University

Wolfgang Hoeschele
Associate Professor of Geography, Division of Social Science
Truman State University

Stanley Hoffmann
Buttenwieser University Professor, Center for European Studies
Harvard University

Ole R. Holsti
George V. Allen Professor, Department of Political Science
Duke University

K. J. Holsti
University Killam Professor, Centre for International Relations
University of British Columbia

Steven W. Hook
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science
Kent State University

Ted Hopf
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science
Ohio State University

Raymond Hopkins
Professor of Political Science
Swarthmore College

P. Terrence Hopmann
Professor of Political Science, Brown University
2004-5 Fellow, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, DC

Peter M. Howard
Assistant Professor, School of International Service
American University

Marc Morjé Howard
Assistant Professor of Government
Georgetown University

Dick Howard
Distinguished Professor of Philosophy
State University of New York, Stony Brook

Chris Howell
Professor of Politics
Oberlin College

Aida A. Hozic
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science
University of Florida

Mala Htun
Assistant Professor of Political Science
New School for Social Research

George E. Hudson
Professor and Chair, Department of Political Science and Director, Russian Area Studies Program
Wittenberg University

Michael C. Hudson
Seif Ghobash Professor of Arab Studies, and Director, Center for Contemporary Arab Studies
Georgetown University

Michael G. Huelshoff
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science
University of New Orleans

Victoria Tin-bor Hui
Visiting Fellow, Kellogg Institute
Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Notre Dame

Richard Hula
Professor and Chair, Department of Political Science
Michigan State University

Ian Hurd
Assistant Professor of Political Science
Northwestern University

Elizabeth Shakman Hurd
Assistant Professor of International Relations
Northwestern University

Roger Hurwitz
CSAIL: Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Paul D. Hutchcroft
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science
University of Wisconsin, Madison

G. John Ikenberry
Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs, Department of Political Science
Princeton University

Cynthia Irvin
Senior Social Scientist
RTI International

Patrick Thaddeus Jackson
Assistant Professor of International Relations, School of International Service
American University

William D. Jackson
Professor, Department of Political Science
Miami University

Amaney Jamal
Assistant Professor of Politics
Princeton University

Laura D. Jenkins
Associate Professor of Political Science
University of Cincinnati

Bruce W. Jentleson
Director, Terry Sanford Institute of Public Policy Chair, Department of Public Policy Studies Professor of Public Policy and Political Science
Duke University

Robert Jervis
Adlai E. Stevenson Professor of International Politics
Columbia University

Juliet Johnson
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science
McGill University

James Johnson
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science
University of Rochester

Ian Johnstone
Associate Professor of International Law, Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy
Tufts University

Christopher C. Joyner
Professor, Department of Government and the School of Foreign Service; Director, Institute for International Law and Politics
Georgetown University

Peter Juviler
Emeritus Professor of Political Science
Barnard College, Columbia University

Miles Kahler
Rohr Professor of Pacific International Relations and Director, Institute for International, Comparative, and Area Studies (IICAS)
University of California, San Diego

Roger E. Kanet
Political Science Professor, Department of International Studies
University of Miami

Terry Lynn Karl
Professor of Political Science and Gildred Professor of Latin American Studies
Stanford University

Greg Kasza
Professor, Department of Political Science
Indiana University

Andrew Z. Katz
Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Political Science
Denison University

Mary Fainsod Katzenstein
Professor, Department of Government and Center for Advanced Studies
Cornell University

Peter J. Katzenstein
Professor, Department of Government
Cornell University

Lawrence Katzenstein
Senior Lecturer Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs
University of Minnesota

Robert R. Kaufman
Professor, Department of Political Science
Rutgers University

Stuart J. Kaufman
Professor, Department of Political Science and International Relations
University of Delaware

Joyce P. Kaufman
Professor of Political Science
Whittier College

Chaim D. Kaufmann
Associate Professor, Department of International Relations
Lehigh University

Sean Kay
Associate Professor of Politics and Government and Chair, International Studies
Ohio Wesleyan University

Christine A. Kearney
Assistant Professor, Department of Politics and Adjunct Assistant Research Professor, Watson Institute for International Studies, Brown University.
Saint Anselm College

Margaret Keck
Professor, Department of Political Science
Johns Hopkins University

Judith Kelley
Assistant Professor of Public Policy and Political Science
Duke University

Michael D. Kennedy
Professor of Sociology
University of Michigan

Charles D. Kenney
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science
University of Oklahoma

Robert O. Keohane
James B. Duke Professor of Political Science
Duke University

Elizabeth Kier
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science
University of Washington

Baruch Kimmerling
George S. Wise Professor of Sociology, Department of Sociology and Anthropology
The Hebrew University

Dwight Y. King
Professor and Director of Graduate Studies, Department of Political Science
Northern Illinois University

David Kinsella
Associate Professor, Hatfield School of Government
Portland State University

Jonathan Kirshner
Associate Professor, Department of Government
Cornell University

Alan Klæbel
Research Fellow, Institute of Political Science
University of Copenhagen

Joseph Kling
Chair, Government Department
St. Lawrence University

Audie Klotz
Associate Professor of Political Science
Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs Syracuse University

Charles Knight
Co-Director, Project on Defense Alternatives
Commonwealth Institute

Richard H. Kohn
Professor, Department of History and Chair, Curriculum in Peace, War, and Defense
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Edward A. Kolodziej
(Emeritus) Research Professor of Political Science
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

Andrzej Korbonski
Professor of Political Science Emeritus
UCLA

Melinda Kovacs
Assistant Professor of Political Science
Concordia College

Paul A. Kowert
Associate Professor, Department of International Relations
Florida International University

Matthew Krain
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science and Chair, International Relations Program
The College of Wooster

Ellis S. Krauss
Professor, Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies
University of California, San Diego

Ronald R. Krebs
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science
University of Minnesota

Joel Krieger
Norma Wilentz Hess Professor of Political Science
Wellesley College

Louis Kriesberg
Maxwell Professor Emeritus of Social Conflict Studies
Syracuse University

Daniel Kryder
Department of Politics
Brandeis

Jan Kubik
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science
Rutgers University

Erik Martinez Kuhonta
Visiting Research Fellow at the Asia Research Institute
National Un iversity of Singapore.

Charles A. Kupchan
Professor of International Affairs, Georgetown University
Senior Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations

Andrew Kydd
Associate Professor, Department of Government
Harvard University

David Laitin
Professor, Department of Political Science
Stanford University

David A. Lake
Professor, Department of Political Science
University of California, San Diego

Steven L. Lamy
Director and Professor, School of International Relations
University of Southern California

Richard Langhorne
Director, Center for Global Change and Governance
Rutgers University

Vickie Langohr
Assistant Professor of Political Science
College of the Holy Cross

Gail W. Lapidus
Senior Fellow, Stanford Institute for International Studies and Professor Emerita of Political Science
University of California, Berkeley

J. Chappell H. Lawson
Class of 1954 Career Development Professor, Department of Political Science
Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Fred H. Lawson
Professor of Government
Mills College

Christopher Layne
Contributing Editor
The American Conservative

Anna Leander
Associate Professor, Dept. of Political Science and Public Administration
University of Southern Denmark

James H. Lebovic
Associate Professor of Political Science and International Affairs
The George Washington University

Richard Ned Lebow
James O. Freedman Presidential Professor of Government
Dartmouth College

Angela D. Ledford
Assistant Professor of Political Science and Women's Studies Coordinator, Department of History and Political Science
The College of Saint Rose

Jeffrey W. Legro
Associate Professor, Woodrow Wilson Department of Politics
University of Virginia

Robert Legvold
Professor of Political Science
Columbia University

David Leheny
Assistant Professor Department of Political Science
University of Wisconsin-Madison

Daniel S. Lev
Emeritus Professor of Political Science
University of Washington

Margaret Levi
Jere L. Bacharach Professor of International Studies Department of Political Science, Director, CHAOS (Comparative Historical Analysis of Organizations and States)
University of Washington, Seattle

Jack S. Levy
Board of Governors' Professor, Department of Political Science
Rutgers University

Peter M. Lewis
Associate Professor, School of International Service
American University

Peter Liberman
Associate Professor of Political Science
Queens College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York

Roy Licklider
Professor, Department of Political Science
Rutgers University

R. William Liddle
Professor of Political Science
The Ohio State University

Arend Lijphart
Research Professor Emeritus of Political Science
University of California, San Diego

Dan Lindley
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science and Fellow, Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies
University of Notre Dame

Ronnie D. Lipschutz
Professor of Politics
Stevenson College, University of California, Santa Cruz

Michael Lipson
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science
Concordia University

Sarah K. Lischer
Assistant Professor, Department of Government
Sweet Briar College

Karen Litfin
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science
University of Washington

Pierre P. Lizee
Associate Professor Department of Political Science
Brock University

Carolyn Logan
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science Associate Director (MSU), Afrobarometer
Michigan State University

Michael Loriaux
Associate Professor of Political Science
Northwestern University.

Marie Olson Lounsbery
Assistant Professor, Department of Conflict Analysis and Resolution
Nova Southeastern University

Paul M. Lubeck
Professor and Director, Center for Global, International and Regional Studies
University of California, Santa Cruz

Pauline Jones Luong
Associate Professor Department of Political Science
Brown University

Ian S. Lustick
Bess W. Heyman Professor, Department of Political Science
University of Pennsylvania

Ellen Lust-Okar
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science and Yale Center for International and Area Studies
Yale University

Catherine Lutz
Watson Institute for International Studie
Brown University

Marc Lynch
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science
Williams College

John A. Lynn
Professor of History
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

Patricia L. Maclachlan
Associate Professor of Asian Studies and Government
University of Texas at Austin

Dewar MacLeod
Assistant Professor of History
William Paterson University

Malgosia Madajewicz
Assistant Professor of Economics and International Affairs
Columbia University

Bruce Magnusson
Assistant Professor, Department of Politics
Whitman College

Vincent A. Mahler
Professor Department of Political Science
Loyola University Chicago

Scott Mainwaring
Director, Kellogg Institute for International Studies
University of Notre Dame

Stephen J. Majeski
Professor and Chair, Department of Political Science
University of Washington

Peter P. Mandaville
Director, Center for Global Studies
George Mason University

Kristina Mani
Assistant Professor, Politics Department
Oberlin College

Bruce Mannheim
Professor of Anthropology
University of Michigan

Richard W. Mansbach
Professor, Department of Political Science
Iowa State University

Michael Margolis
Professor, Department of Political Science
University of Cincinnati

Andrei S. Markovits
Karl W. Deutsch Collegiate Professor of Comparative Politics and German Studies
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Irving Leonard Markovitz
Professor of Political Science, Queens College
Professor, The Graduate Center, City University of New York

Renée E. Marlin-Bennett
Associate Professor, School of International Service and Director, Division of International Politics and Foreign Policy
American University

Kimberly Marten
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science
Barnard College, Columbia University

Lisa L. Martin
Clarence Dillon Professor of International Affairs, Department of Government
Harvard University

Susan B. Martin
Lecturer, Department of War Studies
King's College London

Félix E. Martín
Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations
Florida International University

Philip Mauceri
Director, Center for International Peace and Security Studies
University of Northern Iowa

Patricia A Maulden
Institute for Conflict Analysis and Resolution
George Mason University

Barrett L. McCormick
Professor, Political Science Department
Marquette University

Rose McDermott
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science
University of California, Santa Barbara

Siobhan McEvoy-Levy
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science
Butler University

Eric M. McGlinchey
Assistant Professor, Political Science Department
Iowa State University

Dean E. McHenry, Jr.
Professor, Department of Politics and Policy
Claremont Graduate University

Margaret A. McKean
Associate Professor, Political Science
Duke University

Timothy J. McKeown
Professor, Department of Political Science
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Patrice C. McMahon
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science
University of Nebraska, Lincoln

Kathleen R. McNamara
Associate Professor of Government & Foreign Service Department of Government
Georgetown University

John J. Mearsheimer
Professor, Political Science Department
University of Chicago

John Mehrtens
Assistant Professor Department of Political Science
University of Nevada - Las Vegas

Sarah E. Mendelson
Senior Fellow
Center for Strategic and International Studies

Rajan Menon
Monroe J. Rathbone Professor of International Relations and Fellow, New America Foundation
Lehigh University

Jon Mercer
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science
University of Washington, Seattle

Julie A. Mertus
Associate Professor, School of International Service
American University

Sophie Meunier
Research Associate in Public and International Affairs
Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs Princeton University

William H. Meyer
Professor, Department of Political Science
University of Delaware

Elliott L. Meyrowitz
Adjunct Professor of Law, Michigan State University College of Law
Adjunct Professor of History, Wayne State University

Paul Midford
School of Policy Studies
Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan

Manus I. Midlarsky
Moses and Annuta Back Professor of International Peace and Conflict Resolution
Rutgers University, New Brunswick

Mark J. Miller
Emma Smith Morris Professor, Department of Political Science and International Relations
University of Delaware

Kurt Mills
Lecturer in International Human Rights, Department of Politics
University of Glasgow

Helen V. Milner
B. C. Forbes Professor of Politics and International Affairs, Department of Politics
Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University

Karen Mingst
Lockwood Chair Professor of International Political Economy, Patterson School of Diplomacy and International Commerce
University of Kentucky

Ronald Mitchell
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science
University of Oregon

James H. Mittelman
Professor, School of International Service
American University

Jennifer Mitzen
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science
Ohio State University

Mike Mochizuki
Director and Holder of the Japan-U.S. Relations Chair, Sigur Center for Asian Studies, Elliott School of International Affairs
George Washington University

José Ramón Montero
Catedrático de Ciencia Política y Director, Departamento de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales, Facultad de Derecho
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain

J. Donald Moon
John E. Andrus Professor of Government
Wesleyan University

Rebecca R. Moore
Associate Professor of Political Science and Director, Global Studies Program
Concordia College

Pete W. Moore
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science
University of Miami

Kimberly J. Morgan
Assistant Professor of Political Science and International Affairs
George Washington University

Trevor G. N. Morris
Professor of International Studies and Dean of the School of Public Affairs
Methodist College

Layna Mosley
Assistant Professor, Dept of Political Science
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Ambler Moss
Professor of International Studies
University of Miami

Michael Mousseau
Associate Professor of International Relations
Koc University

John Mueller
Woody Hayes Chair of National Security Studies
Ohio State University

Craig N. Murphy
M. Margaret Ball Professor of International Relations
Wellesley College

Shoon Murray
Associate Professor, School of International Service
American University

Laura Neack
Rejai Professor, Department of Political Science
Miami University

Clark Neher
Emeritus Professor, Department of Political Science and Emeritus Director, Center for Southeast Asian Studies
Northern Illinois University

Daniel N. Nelson
Dean, College of Arts and Sciences
University of New Haven

Matthew J. Nelson
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science
Bates College

Immanuel Ness
Associate Professor of Political Science, Brooklyn College
City University of New York

Iver B. Neumann
Research Professor
Norwegian Institute of International Affairs

Catharine Newbury
Professor of Government and Five College Professor of African Studies
Smith College

Randall Newnham
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science
Penn State, Berks-Lehigh Valley

Daniel H. Nexon
Assistant Professor, Department of Government and School of Foreign Service
Georgetown University

Philip Nord
Professor of History
Princeton University

Sean Norris
Adjunct Professor, Dept. of Govt. and Politics
St. John's University, New York

Andrew Norris
Assistant Professor of Political Science
University of Pennsylvania

James O'Connell
Professor Emeritus of Peace Studies
University of Bradford

Barry O'Neill
Professor, Department of Political Science
University of California, Los Angeles

John S. Odell
Professor, School of International Relations
University of Southern California

Joel E. Oestreich
Assistant Professor of Political Science
Drexel University

Nicholas Onuf
Professor, Department of International Relations
Florida International University

Ido Oren
Associate Professor and Associate Chair, Department of Political Science
University of Florida

David Ost
Professor of Political Science
Hobart & William Smith Colleges

Taylor Owen
Post Graduate Fellow in Genocide Studies
Yale University

Robert Paarlberg
Professor of Political Science
Wellesley College

John F. Padgett
Associate Professor of Political Science and Research Professor, Santa Fe Institute
University of Chicago

Glenn Palmer
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science
Pennsylvania State University

Robert A. Pape
Associate Professor, Political Science Department
University of Chicago

Scott Parrish
Visiting Associate Professor of International Policy Studies and Senior Research Associate, Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Monterey Institute of International Studies
Editor, Nonproliferation Review

Robert A. Pastor
Professor of International Relations and Vice President of International Affairs
American University

Louis W. Pauly
Director, Centre for International Studies
University of Toronto

Leigh Payne
Professor, Department of Political Science
University of Wisconsin, Madison

Rodger A. Payne
Professor, Department of Political Science
University of Louisville

Mark Peceny
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science
University of New Mexico

Scott Pegg
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis

Yoav Peled
Associate Professor Department of Political Science
Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel

T.J. Pempel
Director, Institute of East Asian Studies
University of California, Berkeley

Susan E. Penksa
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science
Westmont College

Peter C. Perdue
T.T. and Wei Fong Chao Professor of Asian Civilizations and Professor of History
Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Elizabeth J. Perry
Henry Rosovsky Professor of Government
Harvard University

Randolph B. Persaud
Associate Professor of International Relations
American University

Rosalind P. Petchesky
Distinguished Professor of Political Science
Hunter College & the Graduate Center, City University of New York

Roger Petersen
Associate Professor, Political Science Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology

V. Spike Peterson
Professor, Department of Political Science
University of Arizona

M. J. Peterson
Professor of Political Science
University of Massachusetts Amherst

Susan Peterson
Professor of Government, College of William and Mary
Executive Editor, Security Studies

Jon Pevehouse
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science
University of Wisconsin, Madison

Daniel Philpott
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science and Faculty Fellow, Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies
University of Notre Dame

John T. Picarelli
Research Lecturer, School of International Service and Project Director, Transnational Crime and Corruption Center
American University

Daniel A. Pinkston
Senior Research Associate, Center for Nonproliferation Studies
Monterey Institute of International Studies

David Pion-Berlin
Professor, Department of Political Science
University of California, Riverside

Brian M. Pollins
Associate Professor of Political Science
The Ohio State University

Jonas Pontusson
Professor of Government
Cornell University

Barry R. Posen
Ford International Professor of Political Science, Security Studies Program
Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Marsha Pripstein Posusney
Professor of Political Science
Bryant University

William C. Potter
Institute Professor and Director, Center for Nonproliferation Studies
Monterey Institute of International Studies

Robert Powell
Robson Professor of Political Science
UC Berkeley

Jeremy Pressman
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science
University of Connecticut

Elisabeth Prugl
Associate Professor and Graduate Director, Department of International Relations
Florida International University

Robert D. Putnam
Department of Government
Harvard University

James Putzel
Director Crisis States Research Centre
London School of Economics and Political Science

David C. Rapoport
Professor Emeritus, Department of Political Science, University of California. Los Angeles
Editor, Journal of Terrorism and Political Violence

Karen Rasler
Professor, Department of Political Science
Indiana University

James Lee Ray
Professor, Department of Political Science
Vanderbilt University

Gregory A. Raymond
Frank Church Professor of International Relations
Boise State University

Patrick D. Reagan
Professor of History
Tennessee Technological University

Laura Reed
Research Fellow, Belfer Center for Security and International Affairs
Harvard University

Simon Reich
Professor and Director, Ford Institute for Human Security
University of Pittsburgh

Kim D. Reimann
Assistant Professor, Political Science Department
Georgia State University

Dan Reiter
Professor of Political Science
Emory University

Darius Rejali
Professor of Political Science
Reed College

Thomas F. Remington
Professor and Chair Department of Political Science
Emory University

Chris Reus-Smit
Professor and Head of Department, Department of International Relations
Australian National University

Sybil Rhodes
Assistant Professor of Political Science
Western Michigan University

Edward Rhodes
Dean, Social and Behavioral Sciences, and Associate Professor, Political Science
Rutgers University

Neil R. Richardson
Professor of Political Science
University of Wisconsin, Madison

James Richter
Professor of Political Science
Bates College

James V. Riker
Associate Director, The Democracy Collaborative
University of Maryland

Jeffrey M. Ritter
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science
Rutgers University

Cynthia Roberts
Associate Professor of Political Science
Hunter College, City University of New York

Kenneth M. Roberts
Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Political Science
University of New Mexico

William I. Robinson
Associate Professor Department of Sociology Global and International Studies Latin American and Iberian Studies
University of California, Santa Barbara

Bert A. Rockman
Professor and Director, School of Public Policy and Managemen
The Ohio State University

Peter Rogers
Assistant Professor, Environmental Studies
Bates College

Ronald Rogowski
Professor, Department of Political Science
University of California, Los Angeles

William Rose
Professor, Department of Government
Connecticut College

Marc Rosenblum
Assistant Professor of Political Science
University of New Orleans

Peter Rosendorff
Director, Center for International Studies Associate Professor, International Relations and Economics
University of Southern California

Stephen J. Rosow
Professor of Political Science and Global Studies
State University of New York, Oswego

Donald Rothchild
Professor, Department of Political Science
University of California, Davis

Barnett R. Rubin
Director of Studies and Senior Fellow, Center on International Cooperation
New York University

Susanne Hoeber Rudolph
Professor of Political Science Emerita
University of Chicago

Chris Rudolph
Visiting Assistant Professor, BMW Center for German & European Studies, Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service
Georgetown University

Lloyd Rudolph
Professor Department of Political Science
University of Chicago

Mark Rupert
Professor of Political Science
Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs Syracuse University

Frank Louis Rusciano
Professor of Political Science and Global and Multinational Studies
Rider University

Roberta Fiske Rusciano
Associate Professor of Political Science
Rider University

Bruce Russett
Dean Acheson Professor of International Relations
Yale University

Peter Rutland
Professor, Government Department
Wesleyan University

Karl W. Ryavec
Professor Emeritus, Dept. of Political Science
University of Massachusetts, Amherst

Tal Sadeh
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science
Tel Aviv University

Scott D. Sagan
Professor of Political Science
Stanford University

Abdul Aziz Said
Professor of International Relations
School of International Service, American University

Stephen M. Saideman
Canada Research Chair in International Security and Ethnic Conflict and Associate Professor of Political Science
McGill University

Nicholas Sambanis
Assistant Professor of Political Science
Yale University

Richard J. Samuels
Ford International Professor of Political Science and Director, Center for International Studies
Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Eve Sandberg
Associate Professor, Politics Department
Oberlin College

Meredith Reid Sarkees
Senior Fellow, Center for Women's InterCultural Leadership
Saint Mary's College

Saskia Sassen
Ralph Lewis Professor of Sociology
University of Chicago

Wolf Schaefer
Professor and Director of the Center for Global History, Department of History
Stony Brook University

Frederic C. Schaffer
Research Associate, Center for International Studies
Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Edward Schatz
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science
Southern Illinois University

Michael G. Schatzberg
Professor, Department of Political Science
University of Wisconsin, Madison

Vivien A. Schmidt
Jean Monnet Professor of European Integration, Department of International Relations
Boston University

Philippe C. Schmitter
Professor of Political Science
European University Institute and Stanford University (emeritus

Cathy Schneider
Associate Professor, School of International Service
American University

Peter J. Schraeder
Professor, Department of Political Science
Loyola University

Miranda Schreurs
Associate Professor, Department of Government and Politics
University of Maryland

Philip A. Schrodt
Professor, Department of Political Science
University of Kansas

Paul W. Schroeder
Emeritus Professor of History and Political Science
University of Illinois

Kenneth A. Schultz
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science
Stanford University

Jillian Schwedler
Assistant Professor, Department of Government and Politics
University of Maryland

Karl H Schwerin
Professor Emeritus Dept. of Anthropology
Univ. of New Mexico Albuquerque

Joan W. Scott
Professor of Social Science
Institute for Advanced Study

Leonard Seabrooke
Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of International Relations
Australian National University

Amy Searight
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science and Elliot School of International Affairs
The George Washington University

Susan K. Sell
Associate Professor of Political Science and International Affairs, Department of Political Science
George Washington University

Ken Shadlen
Development Studies Institute (DESTIN)
London School of Economics and Political Science

D. Michael Shafer
Professor of Political Science and Director, Center for Global Security and Democracy
Rutgers University

Samer Shehata
Visiting Assistant Professor, Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service
Georgetown University

Rosemary E. Shinko
Political Science Adjunct Coordinator, The Source for Active Learning
University of Connecticut, Stamford Campus

Steven A. Shull
Research Professor
University of New Orleans

Kathryn Sikkink
Arleen Carlson Professor of Political Science
University of Minnesota

Rudra Sil
Associate Professor and Chair of Undergraduate Program, Department of Political Science
University of Pennsylvania

Jeffrey K. Silverman
Instructor, Geopolitics
International Black Sea University, Tbilisi, Georgia

Sheldon Simon
Professor of Political Science
Arizona State University

David Andrew Singer
Assistant Professor of Political Science
University of Notre Dame

Peter Singer
Ira W. DeCamp Professor of Bioethics, University Center for Human Values
Princeton University

J.David Singer
Professor Emeritus, Department of Political Science
University of Michigan

Patricia Siplon
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science
Saint Michael's College

Randolph M. Siverson
Professor of Political Science and Director, International Relations Program
University of California, Davis

Theda Skocpol
Victor S. Thomas Professor of Government and Sociology and Director of the Center for American Political Studies
Harvard University

Eugene B. Skolnikoff
Professor of Political Science Emeritus
Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Stanley R. Sloan
Director, Atlantic Community Initiative
Visiting Scholar, Middlebury College, Vermont

Arthur A. Small, III
Assistant Professor School of International & Public Affairs and Earth Institute
Columbia University

Margaret E. Smith
Assistant Professor
School of International Service American University

Kristin Smith
Qatar Post-Doctoral Fellow
Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University

Mitchell P. Smith
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science and School of International and Area Studies (SIAS) and Co-Director, European Union Center
The University of Oklahoma

David G. Smith
Emeritus Professor of Political Science
Swarthmore College

Michael E. Smith
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science
Georgia State University

Michael Joseph Smith
Sorensen Professor of Political & Social Thought
University of Virginia

William C. Smith
Professor, Department of International Studies, University of Miami
Editor, Latin American Politics and Society

Duncan Snidal
Associate Professor of Political Science & Public Policy
University of Chicago

Jack L. Snyder
Robert and Renée Belfer Professor of International Relations
Columbia University

Etel Solingen
Professor, Department of Political Science
University of California Irvine

Dina Spechler
Associate Professor, Dept. of Political Science
Indiana University

Ronald Spector
Professor of History and International Relations, Elliott School of International Relations
George Washington University

James C. Sperling
Professor, Department of Political Science
University of Akron

Valerie Sperling
Associate Professor of Government and International Relations
Clark University

Hendrik Spruyt
Norman Dwight Harris Professor of International Relations
Northwestern University

William D. Stanley
Associate Professor of Political Science
University of New Mexico

Harvey Starr
Chair and Dag Hammarskjold Professor in International Affairs, Department of Political Science
University of South Carolina

John D. Stempel
Senior Professor of International Relations and Acting Director, Patterson School of Diplomacy and International Commerce
University of Kentucky

Carolyn M. Stephenson
Associate Professor, Political Science
University of Hawaii at Manoa

Jennifer Sterling-Folker
Associate Professor and Director of Undergraduate Studies, Department of Political Science
University of Connecticut

Jessica Stern
Lecturer in Public Policy, Kennedy School of Government
Harvard University

Peter Stoett
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science
Concordia University

Gale Stokes
Mary Gibbs Jones Professor of History, History Department
Rice University

Dietlind Stolle
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science
McGill University

Sherrill Stroschein
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science
Ohio University

J.J. Suh
Assistant Professor Department of Government
Cornell University

Marianna Pulaski Sullivan
Professor of Political Science Director, International Studies Program
The College of New Jersey

Michael J. Sullivan III
Professor of History and Politics
Drexel University

David Sylvan
Professor of International Relations, Political Science Department
Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva

Jeff Taliaferro
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science
Tufts University

Nina Tannenwald
Director, International Relations Program, Watson Institute for International Studies
Brown University

David W. Tarr
Emeritus Professor, Department of Political Science
University of Wisconsin, Madison

Sidney Tarrow
Maxwell M. Upson Professor of Government
Cornell University

William Taubman
Professor of Political Science
Amherst College

Lynn Tesser
Scholar in Residence, School of International Service
American University

Strom C. Thacker
Associate Professor, Department of International Relations
Boston University

Kathleen Thelen
Professor of Political Science
Northwestern University

Wendy Theodore
Assistant Professor Africana Studies
University of Arizona

Daniel C. Thomas
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science
University of Pittsburgh

Alexander Thompson
Assistant Professor of Political Science
Ohio State University

Daniel J. Tichenor
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science and Eagleton Institute of Politics
Rutgers University, New Brunswick

J. Ann Tickner
Professor School of International Relations, University of Southern California
Adjunct Professor (Research), Watson Institute, Brown University

Michael J. Tierney
Assistant Professor of Government
College of William and Mary

Ronald Tiersky
Eastman Professor of Politics
Amherst College

Virginia Q. Tilley
Associate Professor of Political Science and Coordinator of International Relations
Hobart and William Smith Colleges

Mark Tilton
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science
Purdue University

Monica Duffy Toft
Associate Professor of Public Policy and Assistant Director of the John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies
Harvard University

Juan Gabriel Tokatlian
Director, Political Science and International Relations
Universidad de San Andres

Howard Tolley, Jr.
Professor of Political Science
University of Cincinnati

Joel J. Toppen
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science
Hope College

Aili Mari Tripp
Associate Dean, International Studies, and Professor of Political Science and Women's Studies
University of Wisconsin, Madison

Judyth Twigg
Associate Professor and Director of Undergraduate Programs, L. Douglas Wilder School of Government and Public Affairs
Virginia Commonwealth University

Christopher P. Twomey
Adjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science
Boston College

Jonathan Unger
Director, Contemporary China Center and Editor, The China Journal
Australian National University

Danny Unger
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science
Northern Illinois University

Donna Lee Van Cott
Assistant Professor of Political Science
Tulane University

Nicolas van de Walle
Professor of Government and Director, Mario Einaudi Center for International Studies
Cornell University

Steven W. Van Evera
Professor, Department of Political Science
Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Stephen Van Holde
Associate Professor Department of Political Science
Kenyon College

Peter Van Ness
Visiting Fellow, Contemporary China Centre, RSPAS
Australian National University

Stacy D. VanDeveer
2003-06 Ronald H. O'Neal Professor, Department of Political Science
University of New Hampshire

Ernesto Verdeja
Assistant Professor, Department of Government
Wesleyan University

Katherine Verdery
Eric R. Wolf Professor of Anthropology
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Leslie Vinjamuri
Assistant Professor, School of Foreign Service & Department of Government
Georgetown University

Erik Voeten
Assistant Professor of Political Science and International Affairs
George Washington University

Steven Vogel
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science
University of California, Berkeley

Suzanne Vogel
Program Officer
The Eisenhower Institute

Thomas J. Volgy
Professor, Department of Political Science
University of Arizona

James Vreeland
Research Fellow in International and Area Studies Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science
Yale University

Ole Wæver
Professor of International Relations, Department of Political Science
University of Copenhagen

Edward W. Walker
Executive Director, Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies and Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Political Science
University of California, Berkeley

Stephen G. Walker
Professor Emeritus Department of Political Science
Arizona State University

Peter Walshe
Professor of Political Science
University of Notre Dame

Stephen M. Walt
Professor, John F. Kennedy School of Government
Harvard University

Barbara F. Walter
Associate Professor Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies
University of California, San Diego

Kenneth N. Waltz
Emeritus Ford Professor of Political Science
University of California, Berkeley

Susan Waltz
Professor, Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy
University of Michigan

Yuan-kang Wang
Assistant Professor Department of Diplomacy
National Chengchi University Taipei, Taiwan

Paul Wapner
Associate Professor, School of International Service
American University

Carolyn Warner
Associate Professor of Political Science and Executive Committee, School of Global Studies
Arizona State University

Harvey Waterman
Associate Professor of Political Science and Associate Dean for Academic Affairs
Rutgers University

William L. Waugh, Jr.
Professor
Andrew Young School of Policy Studies Georgia State University

Cynthia Weber
Professor of International Relations, Department of Politics and IR
Lancaster University, UK

Erika Weinthal
Department of Political Science
Tel Aviv University

Meredith Weiss
Assistant Professor International Studies and Visiting Faculty Fellow, Center For Democracy And The Third Sector, Georgetown (2004-5)
DePaul University

Thomas G. Weiss
Presidential Professor of Political Science and Director, Ralph Bunche Institute for International Studies
The Graduate Center, The City University of New York

Patricia Weitsman
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science
Ohio University

David A. Welch
George Ignatieff Chair of Peace and Conflict Studies
University of Toronto

Bruce Western
Professor of Sociology
Princeton University

Jon Western
Five College Assistant Professor of International Relations
Mount Holyoke College

Nicholas J. Wheeler
Professor, Department of International Politics
University of Wales, Aberystwyth

Gregory White
Associate Professor of Government
Smith College

Joseph White
Professor of Political Science and Director of the Center for Policy Studies
Case Western Reserve University

Geoffrey Whitehall
Department of Politics
University of Victoria

Jonathan Wilkenfeld
Department of Government and Politics
University of Maryland

Paul Williams
Assistant Professor Department of International Relations
Bilkent University Ankara, Turkey

Victoria Williams
Assistant Professor of Political Science
Alvernia College

Franke Wilmer
Professor and Department Head
Montana State University

Morton Winston
Professor of Philosophy, Department of Philosophy and Religion
The College of New Jersey

Carol Wise
Associate Professor, School of International Relations
University of Southern California

Eugene R. Wittkopf
R. Downs Poindexter Professor of Political Science
Louisiana State University

Anders Wivel
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science
University of Copenhagen

John Womack Jr.
Professor, History Department
Harvard University

Meredith Woo-Cumings
Professor Department of Political Science
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Elisabeth Wood
Professor of Political Science
Yale University

Susan L. Woodward
Professor of Political Science
The Graduate Center, City University of New York

Mark Woodward
Associate Professor of Religious Studies
Arizona State University

Stephen R. Wooten
Assistant Professor of Anthropology and International Studies
University of Oregon

George Wright
Professor Emeritus of International Relations
California State University, Chico

Lana Wylie
Visiting Scholar, International Studies
Yale University

Nicholas Xenos
Professor of Political Science
University of Massachusetts, Amherst

Deborah J. Yashar
Associate Professor of Politics and International Affairs
Princeton University

M. Crawford Young
Professor Emeritus
University of Wisconsin, Madison

Mark W. Zacher
Professor Emeritus, Centre of International Relations
University of British Columbia

Melanie Ziegler
Visiting Assistant Professor Department of Political Science
Miami University

Cyrus Ernesto Zirakzadeh
Professor of Political Science
University of Connecticut

ENDS

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