West Africa mobilizes for final assault against polio
63 million children to be immunized across 10 countries as Nigerian outbreak threatens African success story.
Dakar/ New York / Geneva, 23 February 2003 - One month after an emergency meeting of Health Ministers committed to end
polio transmission in 2004, Africa is responding with a massive, synchronized polio immunization campaign, aiming to
vaccinate 63 million children over the next few days.
From 23 February, 10 countries will hold simultaneous polio immunization campaigns, targeting 63 million children in
Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon (20 February), Central African Republic, Chad (joining in March), Ghana, Niger, Nigeria
and Togo. Political, religious and traditional leaders will team up to launch the activities, and tens of thousands of
vaccinators will go house-to-house to administer the vaccine directly to every child over the following three days.
In recent months, polio has again spread across west and central Africa, paralyzing children in seven previously
polio-free countries – most recently the Central African Republic – and putting millions more at risk. But partners in
the Global Polio Eradication Initiative say that if upcoming campaigns over the next several months reach every child,
polio in Africa could be stopped in its tracks in 2004.
“After eight years of incredible collaboration and investment, Africa is standing on the verge of a well-deserved
triumph in public health,” said Dr Ebrahim Samba, WHO Regional Director for the African Region. “But the disease is now
threatening to make a comeback, and the whole continent is on the brink of re-infection unless these campaigns stop the
further spread of the virus. Africa has proved it can stop polio – now is the time to finish the job.”
Progress in polio eradication has been one of Africa’s greatest achievements in public health. The campaign to “Kick
Polio Out of Africa”, launched in 1996 by Nelson Mandela and other African leaders, and now championed by Professor
Alpha Omar Konaré, Chairperson of the Commission of The African Union, has cut polio cases down from 205 children being
paralyzed every day to 388 during the entire year in 2003. Polio immunization has brought “Days of Tranquillity” to
countries torn apart by conflict, turning civil war into ceasefire and combatants into bodyguards to allow vaccinators
to reach children in safety.
“Africa’s challenges are matched only by its potential,” said Rima Salah, UNICEF’s Regional Director for West and
Central Africa. “Before this new wave of cases, Africa had made the most rapid progress of any continent to secure a
polio-free future for its children. It would be an unspeakable tragedy to allow the virus to slip back in now. National
and community leaders must take a stand to stop the spread of this disease and ensure a victory over polio for the
entire continent.”
Nigeria’s suspension of immunization campaigns in key northern states, and in particular Kano, remains the greatest
challenge — and the greatest opportunity — for a quick end to polio in Africa. Until mid-2003, Nigeria was part of
Africa’s polio success story, with only a few northern states still endemic with the virus and Lagos, Africa’s most
densely populated city, polio-free for over two years. The suspension of immunization campaigns in Kano and the
subsequent outbreak of polio in that area was fuelled by unfounded rumours about the safety of polio vaccine. This is in
stark contrast to the substantial support polio eradication has received from scientific and religious bodies, and
multilateral institutions around the world. In October 2003, the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)
unanimously resolved to eradicate polio by the end of 2004. Further to this commitment the United Arab Emirates (UAE)
recently announced the first pledge of what will be a multi-million dollar contribution by Islamic Gulf countries.
The contribution from the UAE comes at a critical time for the campaign, as the spread of the virus in West Africa
continues to drain the Global Polio Eradication Initiative of its already limited resources. The partnership is short
US$ 130 million, funds urgently needed for activities through 2005, an amount that increases as more countries become
infected.
With global eradication in sight and as west and central Africa embarks on its most critical immunization campaigns
ever, Jonathan Majiyagbe, President of Rotary International, appealed directly to communities to immunize their
children.
“The Secretary General of the United Nations called polio eradication ‘a shining model of how we can come together
against a common enemy of mankind’,” Majiyagbe said. “Polio is our common enemy, but in some African communities, fear
and misinformation about the polio vaccine has become as deadly as any disease. The polio vaccine is a safe and
essential protection for children. We must not allow unfounded rumours to come between our children and their health.”
The Global Polio Eradication Initiative is spearheaded by WHO, Rotary International, the US Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention and UNICEF. The poliovirus is now circulating in only six countries, down from over 125 when the Global
Polio Eradication Initiative was launched in 1988. The six countries with indigenous wild poliovirus are: Nigeria,
India, Pakistan, Niger, Afghanistan and Egypt.
The polio eradication coalition includes governments of countries affected by polio; private foundations (e.g. United
Nations Foundation, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation); development banks (e.g. the World Bank); donor governments (e.g. Australia, Austria,
Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand,
Norway, the Russian Federation , the United Kingdom and the United States of America); the European Commission;
humanitarian and nongovernmental organizations (e.g. the International Red Cross and Red Crescent societies) and
corporate partners (e.g. Aventis Pasteur, De Beers). Volunteers in developing countries also play a key role; 20 million
have participated in mass immunization campaigns.