Dr Fraser Morgan in the Wright Valley Antarctica
Antarctica is usually viewed as a large, pristine wilderness area, untouched by humans. Yet since its formal discovery
200 years ago, the continent has seen accelerating and potentially impactful human activity.
How widespread this activity is across the continent has never been quantified. We know Antarctica has no cities,
agriculture or industry. But we have never had a good idea of where humans have been, how much of the continent remains
untouched or largely unimpacted, and to what extent these largely unimpacted areas serve to protect biodiversity.
A team of researchers led by Monash University, including Dr Fraser Morgan of Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research and Te
Pūnaha Matatini at the University of Auckland, has changed all of that. Reporting today in the journal Nature, using a dataset of 2.7 million human activity records, they show just how extensive human use of Antarctica has been
over the past 200 years.
Apart from some large areas, mostly in the central parts of the continent, humans have set foot almost everywhere.
Although many of these visited areas have only been negligibly affected by people, biodiversity is not as well
represented within them as it should be.
Only 16% of the continent’s Important Bird Areas, areas identified internationally as critical for bird conservation,
are located within negligibly impacted areas. And little of the total negligibly impacted area is represented in
Antarctica’s Specially Protected Area network.
Areas of high human impact, for example some areas where people build research stations or visit for tourism, often
overlap with areas important for biodiversity.
Lead author Rachel Leihy, a PhD student in the Monash School of Biological Sciences, points out that ‘While the
situation does not look promising initially, the outcomes show that much opportunity exists to take swift action to
declare new protected areas for the conservation of both wilderness and biodiversity.’
Dr Morgan notes that ‘with the rise in the ability to access and quantify historical information, these types of
large-scale informatic approaches are enabling new insights into Antarctica for both science and environmental
management.’
The transdisciplinary team delivering this work includes researchers from Australia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and
South Africa.
A short video about the research is available here: https://youtu.be/vG0cbCT5W3UTwo hundred years of human activity on the Antarctic continent. The red dots and lines represent human activity including traverses across the ice. The purple scale squares indicate
areas where data suggest humans have not yet travelled.