The New Zealand Association of Scientists (Inc.)
23 May 2013
Science Is What Keeps the Whole Economy In the Black and Is Not a Black Hole
Any metaphor that compares public investment in science to a black hole is at best illinformed and at worst dangerously
naive. Yet in an editorial yesterday on the 10 National Science Challenges recently ratified by Government, the New
Zealand Herald commented that "Science has been a black hole for taxpayers' money". It continued by noting that "the
money is scattered around like water on dry soil in the hope that it finds some seeds of inquiry that will turn out to
have social and economic benefits”. The Herald may not like it, but to the dismay of central planners everywhere, this
is the process behind a significant fraction of global economic growth and the well-being of society.
In New Zealand, as in all advanced economies, publicly funded scientific enquiry has been vital to the economy: our
agricultural exports have depended critically on the serendipitous findings of taxpayer-funded science for more than 100
years. Fisher and Paykel Healthcare, one of New Zealand’s largest manufacturing companies, was an unforeseen consequence
of the work of publicly funded researchers. Even the worldwide web originated as a spill-over from physicists’ hunt for
tiny sub-atomic particles. “The question is not whether New Zealanders spend too much on discovery-driven science,” said
NZAS President Shaun Hendy, “but why we spend so little.”
In evaluating the outcomes of science, it is important to realize the difference between science that has a direct
commercial benefit and science that adds benefit to the wider economy over longer timeframes. Science with a commercial
focus is typically low risk and short term in nature - it has to be if it is to respond to the market. Many studies show
that this type of research is best done by the private sector, and this is why our government devotes a considerable sum
of money directly funding research in our companies. Science that has a longer term focus or that seeks to develop new
sectors 2 of the economy must by necessity be carried out by scientists at our universities and Crown Research
Institutes. The market simply does not fund this type of science, despite the fact that it is vital to the long term
growth of advanced economies. One of the big challenges facing New Zealand is its need to diversify its economy. “Our
dependence on our primary sector contributes to the volatility of our exchange rate, and means that New Zealanders earn
less and work harder than the citizens of almost any other country in the developed world”, said Professor Hendy. “To
move beyond farming and tourism, we need new ideas and new areas of scientific expertise”.
Major scientific advances, which often come with huge benefits for society and the economy, arise when risk is
accommodated, and almost always require serendipity and the unexpected, not to mention new technologies. The new
National Science Challenges will redirect science enquiry and application into areas of major public interest, including
human health and the environment. These challenges do not alter the nature of the scientific enquiry process, but do
have the potential to refocus the efforts of the scientific community along new lines of enquiry and promote uptake of
knowledge generated overseas by up-skilling the New Zealand science workforce. It remains vitally important that these
challenges break new ground.
How the science community, the public and the government front up to these challenges will determine whether they live
up to their potential. And right now, scientists around the country are working hard to ensure that each of the National
Science Challenges will stretch their abilities and their imaginations. Scientific discovery is not a nice to have, it
is a must have!
ENDS