Guyon Espiner, Investigative reporter, In DepthThe alcohol levy has been raised - but by less than half the amount that would even cover inflation.
Cabinet has agreed to increase the alcohol levy, which funds alcohol harm reduction measures, for the first time since
2009.
The changes mean the funds collected from the levy will rise from $11.5 million to $16.6 million, adding less than half
a cent to the price of a standard can of beer.
Cabinet rejected the recommendation of an independent review, by consultants Allen + Clarke, which suggested the levy
increase to $37 million.
The report said that to keep pace with inflation alone the levy would need to increase to $21.5 million.
The review of the alcohol levy also sought to quantify the cost of alcohol harm in New Zealand.
The new figure came in at $9.1 billion, according to analysis from the New Zealand Institute of Economic Research
(NZIER).
Steve Randerson from Health Coalition Aotearoa said the levy increase was woefully inadequate compared to the scale of
alcohol harm.
"It's pitiful. Harm on this scale really requires proper regulation of alcohol," he said. "The levy can go hand in hand
with that and support community driven projects to reduce harm. But it definitely needs a larger uplift than we've
seen."What is the alcohol levy?
The alcohol levy is what is known as a hypothecated tax - collected specifically and solely to fund public health
measures to reduce alcohol harm. It accounts for a tiny fraction of the price of alcohol - between 0.2 and 1.3 percent.
The levy is separate from alcohol excise duty, which accounts for between 20 percent and 55 percent of the price of
alcohol. The excise tax on alcohol generated $1.3 billion in 2023. Those funds are used for general government spending.
The Allen + Clarke review said failing to adjust the alcohol levy for inflation has led to a shortfall of $10 million.
Increasing the levy to $21.5 million to compensate for inflation would have added between 0.5 cents and 1 cent to the
price of a standard can of beer.
But the report's preferred recommendation was to increase the levy to $37.3 million, which would have added 1.1 cents to
the price of a can of beer and seven cents to a bottle of wine.
Instead, the government opted to increase the levy to just $16.6 million.
The report said that the levy had not been increased over the last decade for "pragmatic and potentially political
reasons" rather than "based on a systematic assessment of the need for services".
Randerson said any price rises for consumers would have been tiny.
"It's absolutely insignificant. I don't think anyone would ever notice if it even did transfer to the prices that you
paid in the supermarket or in a bottle shop," he said. "So this was not a budgetary problem. This is potentially
ideological - it's hard not to conclude that."
Randerson was concerned that the alcohol industry was consulted as part of the levy review. "We strongly stand against
any inclusion of harmful product industries in trying to set the direction for harm reduction. It's not in their
interests and it's not something that they support."
The alcohol levy is mainly used to fund the Health Promotion Agency.
It doesn't fund treatment services but does fund peer support programmes for people struggling with alcohol dependence.
The levy funds a range of other measures, including the Community Law Alcohol Harm Reduction Project, which aims to give
deprived areas a voice in preventing their communities being saturated with liquor outlets.
It also funds sports clubs to remove alcohol sponsorship and advertising, and to support health promotion.The cost of alcohol harm
According to the Allen + Clarke review a 2023 study estimated that 123,000 years of healthy life could be gained over
the life of the 2018 population by phasing out alcohol sponsorship.
As part of the review of the alcohol levy NZIER was asked to estimate the cost of alcohol harm in New Zealand.
Its analysis puts the 2023 cost at $9.1 billion, although it says precise measurements are difficult.
The NZIER analysis suggests that about half this cost ($4.8 billion) is due to Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD).
The report also records billions of dollars spent due to the impacts of productivity losses and road crashes. It says
alcohol (and other drugs) were a factor in 43 percent of fatal crashes between 2019 and 2021.
It also tallies the immense burden alcohol places on the criminal justice system, including a police assessment that
alcohol is involved in a third of all violence offences, half of sexual assaults and half of all homicides.
It quotes police figures from 2018, showing that on the average day in New Zealand, 103 offences are recorded in which
the offender had consumed alcohol prior to committing the crime.
It presents data from the National Coronial Information System showing that 26 percent of suicide deaths involved "acute
alcohol use".
The cost to ACC of accidents where people had been drinking was $327 million a year.
The report also includes international evidence showing that "alcohol consumption plays a causal role in cancers of the
mouth, throat, voice box, oesophagus, colon, rectum, liver, and female breasts".
The New Zealand drug harms ranking study found alcohol was the most harmful substance across all categories of
substances.
Mental Health Minister Matt Doocey was not available for an interview but in a statement said the government was
committed to reducing alcohol harm.
Ministers had agreed to adjust the alcohol levy in line with rises to the Consumer Price Index.
"This will return the levy to the purchasing power it had fifteen years ago and means that funding will continue for the
current alcohol harm reduction programmes," he said.
"I recognise a recent review has called for a larger increase in levy funding however I am not supportive of such an
increase until a thorough assessment of all current and proposed alcohol harm programmes currently funded by the levy
has been undertaken and that the Government has assurance that these programs align with government priorities."