(Headline abbreviated, original headline: Freshwater reforms looking good but industry self-management options need
rejecting)
EDS compliments the Government on the release of its discussion document Action for Healthy Waterways. This report seeks public feedback on further initiatives for freshwater management and follows work undertaken over
the past 18 months by four expert groups. It is the latest in a series of reforms proposed by successive governments
over the past 10 years.
“The discussion document reflects input from the Freshwater Leaders Group (FLG), Kāhui Wai Māori (KWM), the Science and
Technical Advisory Group (STAG) and the Essential Freshwater Regional Sector Group. Reports from each of those groups
have also been released today,” said EDS CEO Gary Taylor, who is a member of the FLG.
“There are a number of critically important policy options proposed in the document for public feedback. Some of these
will work and others will not, so it’s vital that people have their say if they want improvements in freshwater quality.
“The proposals are strongly science led, reflecting consensus input from the expert membership of the STAG. They include
introducing the missing attributes for sediment, Nitrogen and Phosphorus.
“The overall approach to freshwater is to give effect to Te Mana o te Wai. That concept aims to put the water first and
human uses second. Another way of saying that is that ecological health is the primary objective. Improved criteria for
assessing ecological health refer to aquatic life, habitat, water quality, water quantity and ecological processes.
“Structurally there are 5 key components to the reforms.
“There is a refreshed and updated National Policy Statement Freshwater Management (NPS FM) which regional councils will
have to give effect to by 2025; a National Environmental Standard Freshwater (NES FW) which will take effect next year
to ‘hold the line’ and prevent any further deterioration in freshwater quality; new regulations to deal with stock in
waterways; amendments to the Resource Management Act to fast-track freshwater plan making; and a focused NES Wastewater
to set limits on wastewater consents. These regulatory interventions are supported by the Productive and Sustainable
Land Use Budget 2019 package.
“Where there are important choices to be made after public feedback, the options include continuing with elements of
industry self-regulation or moving towards stronger central and regional government regulation. These deal with winter
grazing, excessive nitrogen and whether freshwater modules in farm plans should be mandatory. The industry-led approach
hasn’t worked to date and should be firmly rejected. The NES FW will need close scrutiny in this respect and weak
options should be weeded out.
“The 2 key pollutants in New Zealand are sediment and Nitrogen. Proposals for addressing them in the discussion document
also need strengthening. For example, forest harvesting is a key source of sediment, but that issue is proposed to be
addressed in the NES Plantation Forestry. That’s unlikely to work. And where regional councils have Nitrogen limits in
plans already, they appear to be exempt from the NES obligations. That loophole may allow lax Nitrogen limits to prevail
for many years and needs further focused attention.
“Overall, the reform package on offer will lead to big improvements in freshwater quality if the stronger options are
preferred at the end of the process.
“The interim measures can stop things getting worse and deal effectively with high risk land use activities. The
regional council plan-making and implementation process will take longer and there is some flexibility over time for
transition for landowners. The key is to have a steadily improving trajectory in freshwater quality and that moderate
approach should ease the pathway to improvements for farmers.
“Compliance, monitoring and enforcement are key elements to back up the enhanced regulatory settings. KWM and FLG both
back the concept of a Freshwater Commission to provide targeted implementation oversight. That is the key structural
change that is required: a dedicated specialist entity with wide-ranging powers to ensure regional councils perform.
Under this scenario the Ministry for the Environment would retain its policy-making role.
“EDS believes the establishment of a Freshwater Commission is critical to ensure robust implementation of the reforms
over time. I cannot stress too strongly how important this point is.
“Overall EDS is very pleased at the progress being made in improving freshwater management. The outstanding matter is of
course allocation which requires iwi rights in freshwater to be addressed. That is the next big focus and will be
challenging,” Mr Taylor concluded.