Need for more culturally relevant social policy and services for families in New Zealand’s growing diversity
Released recently, 'Families: universal functions, culturally diverse values' brings together research from across
Superu’s Families and Whānau Status Reports about how cultural values influence family functioning.
New Zealand’s society is increasingly diverse. Between the 1996 and 2013 Population Censuses the Asian population grew
from 5 percent to 12 percent of the total New Zealand population and the Pacific population grew from 6 percent to 8
percent.
This growing cultural diversity means there must be more consideration given to understanding the needs of end users
(families, whänau and communities) of social policy and social services if they are to be relevant, inclusive and
useful.
This research has chosen to focus on pan-Asian and pan-Pacific cultural groups as they are some of the fastest growing
populations in New Zealand, and points to areas where social policy will be required to adapt the most.
Superu’s Families and Whānau research illustrates that essentially there are four core universal functions of a family:
1.provide care, nurturing and support
2.manage resources such as money, and skills
3.provide social networks and guidance
4.provide a sense of identity and belonging.
What families value and what wellbeing means to them is a far more diverse picture.
At one end of the spectrum there are families who value the wants and needs of the individual and at the other end are
families who value the wants and needs of the group. The research cited extends this concept of a spectrum, with two key
dimensions for thinking about culturally diverse values when thinking about families: individualism-collectivism and
independent-interdependent.
Deputy Chief Executive Vasantha Krishnan says "For social policy and services to be effective they must be relevant to
those who they are directed at, for example be ‘customer-centric'."
Ms
Krishnan adds, "Where, for example, social policy is made around families managing resources, households deal with this
in significantly different ways. This has a direct impact when considering providing services such a financial literacy
and budgeting services to families."
A research response from the collectivistic cultural spectrum explains "…owing things was not a concept Samoans are
familiar with and so we lack skills to repay debts…I remember when we were growing up that, if we did not have any salt,
you could send someone next door to get salt…it was the concept of sharing rather than borrowing".
Another key family value that takes on different forms across cultures is respect for parents. Another collectivistic
cultural research response from an Asian father illustrates: "In every aspect of life we always guide them".
Respect for parents can be considered to be important for all families, although it has very specific meanings
particularly for some Asian families. Specifically, children are obligated to obey, respect, support and care for
parents all throughout their life and defer to their wants and needs above their own.
"The delivery of social services such as elder support programmes and facilities would benefit from understanding these
nuances in socialisation and care and support for elderly," says Ms Krishnan.
Superu is helping to support the evidence-base on the topic of designing social services for families. This information
helps decision-makers to form better social policy for families and whānau in our increasingly diverse multi-cultural
society.
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