New Zealand Budget Update: Boom helps deliver balanced budget
The New Zealand government has presented the first fiscal surplus in six years, as expected, at $NZ0.4bn in 2014/15
(+0.2% of GDP). The surplus is projected to rise further from there, to $NZ1.3bn in 2015/16 and $NZ2.4bn in 2016/17.
This will limit the peak in net debt to 26.4% of GDP. Fiscal policy is expected to remain a modest headwind to growth in
coming years, with the government focused on delivering a sustainable budget surplus – something the booming New Zealand
economy should easily manage. The strong economy has given policymakers a little more scope to ease up on the pace of
consolidation, with the government announcing an increased spending allowance for future budgets. Today’s budget is
unlikely to surprise the RBNZ and we continue to expect a rate hike from the central bank in June.
Facts
- The New Zealand government projects an Operating Balance before Gains and Losses (OBEGAL), of -1.1% of GDP in the
current fiscal year (versus -0.9% in the May 2013/14 Budget). The OBEGAL is expected to return to surplus of +$NZ372m in
2014/15 (from +$NZ75m in Budget 2013/14).
- The Treasury has upgraded their outlook for the domestic economy, with average annual GDP growth of +4.0% now expected
in the March 2015 year (up from +3.0% in the Budget 2013/14).
- Net debt is expected to peak at +26.4% of GDP in 2014/15 (previously +28.7 % in Budget 2013/14). Bond issuance is
projected to total $NZ8bn in 2014/15, falling to $NZ7bn in each of the next three years.
Implications
Today’s budget suggests that the New Zealand economy is on track to deliver the first fiscal surplus in six years. The
New Zealand government has maintained a commitment to expenditure constraint since the global financial crisis and this
has seen the budget bottom line improve from -4.6% of GDP in 2010/11 (excluding earthquake expenses) to an expected
+0.2% of GDP in 2014/15.
The government remains committed to expenditure constraint in future budgets, with the fiscal surplus projected to rise
further in coming years. This will see fiscal consolidation remain a modest headwind for the economy – with the Treasury
estimates implying a fiscal drag averaging -0.7% of GDP a year over the next four years. The New Zealand economy should
easily weather this further tightening, as it remains on track to deliver one of the strongest growth rates in the OECD.
A continued commitment to expenditure constraint will help manage New Zealand’s boom and keep pressure of the exchange
rate and interest rates.
Given this commitment to expenditure constraint, net debt is projected to peak at 26.4% of GDP in 2014/15 and fall to
20% of GDP by 2019/20.
The booming economy has allowed the government to loosen the reins a little and still achieve its targets for net debt.
Previously, the government had allocated a new operating allowance of $NZ1 billion for future budgets. This new
operating allowance will be increased to $NZ1.5 billion in 2015/16 and will grow by +2% annually thereafter. The
existing operating allowance has allowed for extra spending programs in today’s budget, including: an expansion of paid
parental leave entitlements; increased funding for early childhood education; a suspension of some import duties to
decrease housing costs; and additional spending on education and healthcare.
Increased future spending allowances may also allow the government to announce additional spending or revenue measures
in the lead up to September’s election – potentially taking the form of modest tax cuts or revisions to income tax
thresholds.
In terms of the implications for monetary policy, today’s budget is unlikely to significantly surprise the RBNZ, with
fiscal consolidation having been a feature of the New Zealand macroeconomic landscape for a number of years. As a
result, we continue to expect the RBNZ to hike rates further in June.