The Crown has recognised 14 customary marine title areas along the East Cape and East Coast in ngā rohe moana o ngā hapū
o Ngāti Porou, Minister for Treaty of Waitangi Negotiations Andrew Little announced today.
This recognition reflects the determination of ngā hapū o Ngāti Porou to safeguard their longstanding customary rights
and the continued exercise of mana by ngā hapū o Ngāti Porou in their rohe moana.
Customary marine title recognises customary rights and interests that whānau, hapū or iwi can show they have had in an
area of the takutai moana (common marine and coastal area) from 1840, in accordance with strict legal tests.
“I would like to thank ngā hapū o Ngāti Porou for their commitment through this long journey since reaching agreement
with the Crown to recognise their customary rights and interests in the marine and coastal area in 2008,” Andrew Little
said.
“Ngā hapū o Ngāti Porou have contributed extensive research and collection of historical evidence which, along with the
Crown’s historical research and public consultation, assisted the Crown in being satisfied the legal tests for customary
marine title were met in these areas.”
Ngāti Porou were the only iwi that reached an agreement with the Crown under the now-repealed Foreshore and Seabed Act
2004. When that Act was reviewed and repealed, the Crown undertook to honour its existing commitments to Ngāti Porou.
Following the passage of the Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act in 2011, the original agreement was updated to
reflect features of the new Act, including the new legal test for customary marine title. The agreement was given effect
by Ngā Rohe Moana o Ngā Hapū o Ngāti Porou Act 2019.
Customary marine title enables the holders to exercise certain rights through involvement in resource consent and
Conservation Act processes, customary fisheries management, the ownership of non-Crown minerals and taonga tūturu in the
title area, and protection of wāhi tapu, such as urupā (grave sites).
The customary marine title orders take effect today.
Additional notes: Customary marine title
Customary marine title is not fee simple ownership, but an expression of customary rights and interests in part of the
common marine and coastal area. The marine and coastal area (takutai moana) is the land from mean high water springs out
to the territorial limit. In other words, it is the “wet part” of the beach, and the seabed out to 12 nautical miles.
Customary marine title does not affect general public access, fishing (subject to bylaws being made to protect customary
fishing areas), or navigation rights. However, the right of public access in the common marine and coastal area does not
give any new rights to the public to cross private land without permission in order to reach the marine and coastal
area.
Applications for customary marine title under the Ngā Rohe Moana o Ngā Hapū o Ngāti Porou Act (or under te Takutai Moana
Act) are determined by the High Court or the responsible Minister depending on who the application was made to. The
legal tests, and the thresholds for evidence, are the same.
The Ngā Rohe Moana o Ngā Hapū o Ngāti Porou (Recognition of Customary Marine
Title) Order 2020 can be found on the legislation.govt.nz website. The Order has the full list of the customary marine title areas.