“Protecting Paradise: 1080 and the fight to save New Zealand’s wildlife” by Dave Hansford, Patton& Burton 2016
By Don Franks
Along New Zealand roadsides, especially on the south islands west coast, are hammered hand painted signs. “1080 poisons
our water”, “Kea killed in 1080 drop” , “1080 kills everything”.
The villain 1080 is an organic salt, sodium monofluoraetate. First developed as a rodent killer during World War 11 by
the US Fish and Wildlife Service, 1080 has since been in wide use for vertebrate pest control. The substance is spread
in New Zealand today by the Department of Conservation ( DOC) ,aimed at killing rodents preying on native plants and
animals.
Some opponents claim 1080 does more harm than good, others say the substance does no good at all and should be forever
banned.
“Protecting Paradise” is a comprehensive overview of wildlife conservation’s state and staunch defence of 1080 use.
Author Dave Hansford concedes: ”…some claims by opponents have a basis in distant historical truth. During the 1970’s
and 1980’s, 1080 operations did indeed kill significant numbers of native birds, because of the very high dosing and
sowing rates used”.
Hansford also states in his preface: “For what its worth, I too would greatly prefer that we didn’t have to spread
poison over our land”. He then develops a rigorous and thorough argument for the use of 1080 as a weapon in the battle
for wildlife conservation.
A recreational tramper and environmental researcher of many years standing, Hansford is possessed of much information.
His perspective is the scientific method, his concern the contradiction between science and and modern sound bite
thinking.
“Ask a scientist about 1080 in water and they’ll first want to know the concentration of the toxin, the flow rate of the
water, the ambient temperature, the definition of an ill effect. They’d point out that, no, 1080 doesn’t kill thousands
of birds but it does kill some, depending on their individual susceptibility, their size, their feeding habits. There’s
a vast and deeply unsatisfactory disconnect between the way people like to conduct their arguments and the way science
goes about settling them. Just tell me the answer goddammit”.
Perceived decline of scientific education and its possible consequences is a subtext of “Protecting Paradise”
“Mean science attainment scores in New Zealand schools have fallen 15 points since 2006…does this matter? Yes,
mightily. For one thing, it whips a downward spiral: fewer engaged students in science means fewer science teacher
graduates, means fewer engaged students…It also means contemporary society has neither the vocabulary nor the
comprehension to discuss critically important issues…How do we hold coherent conversations about climate change, public
health, food security, environmental degradation, biodiversity loss, if no-one understands the language?”
Critiquing alternatives to scientific examination of phenomena is an essential part of Hansford’s argument.
“ A contingent existence is intolerable to many, and science offers cold comfort for it is ever equivocal- its the
stuff of dubiety, when people crave certitude.”
Mysticism, religious thinking and conspiracy theorising offer certitude. Such mindsets can be unhelpful in acting on
environmental problems.
Some aspects of present day protest politics are in the anti science category.
Emotive belligerence and personal abuse replace reasoned argument. Although firmly at odds with often hostile 1080
activists, Hansford makes a genuine effort to understand their point of view and, where possible, engage with them.
Few 1080 opponents took up the author's invitation to be interviewed for the book, those did are treated with respect.
So are the views of anti 1080 deer hunters and rural people whose immediate interests may conflict with longer term
conservation. The writer has less time for politicians, the government at the time of writing “…has diligently upheld a
venerable Kiwi tradition: running DOC into the ground. Every eight days the ministry of Health spends about $150million
- that’s DOC’s entire natural heritage budget for a year. With that pittance, DOC is expected to protect biodiversity
over more than a third of a country that has one of the worst records of extinctions and one of the most desperately
urgent biodiversity crises, in the world.”
“Protecting Paradise” responds specifically to claims that 1080 kills native birds en mass, poisons drinking water and
causes cancer. Details and findings of study after study are set out, along with reports on other conservation methods,
such as electronic traps.
Interwoven throughout Hansford’s cautious science is impassioned demand for collective action.
“About a third of all earth’s vertebrates are now threatened and 45% of invertebrates. More than a third of butterfly
species around the world are at risk. It’s true that plants and animals have always come and gone. They went extinct all
the time, even before humans appeared. But species today are disappearing a hundred times faster than the steady
‘background’ rate of extinction- the rate at which Nature would normally claim them. That means its on you and me.”
“Protecting Paradise” will not please all conservation advocates. Neither closed minded 1080 activists nor opportunist
parliamentarians will enjoy it, every kiwi should read it.
ends