Abolition of the Death Penalty
OCTOBER 10: Abolition of the Death
Penalty
By René
Wadlow
“I shall die, but that is all that I
shall do for Death. I am not on his payroll. I will not tell
him the whereabouts of my friends nor of my enemies
either.”
-Edna St Vincent Millay.
October 10 is
the International Day Against the Death Penalty, set by the
United Nations (UN) General Assembly. Since the end of World
War II, there has been a gradual abolition of the death
penalty with the rather obvious recognition that death is
not justice. In some countries, executions have been
suspended in practice but laws allowing executions remain;
in other cases, there has been a legal abolition.
The
clear words of the American poet Kenneth Patchen (1911-1972)
have been a credo for those of us who have opposed
executions on moral grounds:
This is a
man
He is a poor creature
You are not to
kill him
This is a man
He has a hard
time
Upon the earth
You are not to kill
him.
There are also those who oppose the death
penalty on the practical grounds that it has little impact
on the rate of killing in society.
October 10 can also be
a day to oppose all organized killings. In addition to
State-sponsored official executions, often carried out
publicly or at least with official observers, a good number
of countries have state-sponsored “death squads” —
persons affiliated to the police or intelligence agencies
who kill “in the dark of the night” — unofficially.
These deaths avoid a trial which might attract attention or
even a “not guilty” decision. A shot in the back of the
head is faster. The number of “targeted killings” has
grown. In many cases, the bodies of those killed are
destroyed and so death is supposed but not proved. This is
what the UN called “enforced or involuntary
disappearances.” Attacks by drones are also a form of
State-organized executions without trial or the possibility
of appeal.
There is also a growth in non-governmental
targeted killings. Attention has focused recently on the
drug-trade-related death of Mexico’s “drug lords”.
These groups of organized crime have many of the negative
attributes of States. Their opponents are designated for
killing and executed by those on the payroll of death. These
groups are not limited to Mexico. In addition, there are a
good number of countries where non-governmental militia
groups exist and carry out executions. A most dangerous
example is these days in the Philippines where both police
and death squads are killing persons accused of selling (or
even using) drugs.
“Please feel free to call
us, the police, or do it yourself if you have the gun, you
have my support,” stated President Rodrigo Duterte of the
Philippines recently, urging his fellow citizens to kill any
drug dealer they may know of, without prior arrest or trial.
“Shoot him and I’ll give you a medal.”
Thus our
efforts against executions need to be addressed both to
governments and to those State-like non-governmental armed
groups. The abolition of executions and the corresponding
valuation of human life are necessary steps to building a
just society. As the late Robert Muller, former UN Assistant
Secretary-General and a member of the Association of World
Citizens wrote in his essay The Right Not to Kill “In
every epoch of history there are a few exceptional human
beings who are blessed with a correct vision of the place of
the human person on earth. This vision is always basically
the same:
“It recognizes the oneness and supremacy of
the human family, irrespective of race,, sex, creed, nation
or any other distinctive characteristics;
It recognizes
each individual human being as a unique miracle of divine
origin, a cosmos of his own, never to be repeated again in
all eternity;
It rejects all violence as being contrary
to the sanctity and the uniqueness of life, and advocates
love, tolerance, truth, cooperation and reverence for life
as the only civilized means of achieving a peaceful and
happy society;
It preaches love and care for our
beautiful and so diverse planet in the fathomless
universe;
It sees each human life and society as part of
an eternal stream of time and ever ascending
evolution;
It recognizes that the ultimate mysteries of
life, time and the universe will forever escape the human
mind and therefore bends in awe and humility before these
mysteries and God;
It advocates gratitude and joy for the
privilege of being admitted to the banquet of life;
It
preaches hope, faith, optimism and a deep commitment to the
moral and ethical virtues of peace and justice distilled
over eons of time as the foundations for further human
ascent.”
Robert Muller
Muller went on to
add “We must restore optimism and continue to sharpen our
inborn instincts for life, for the positive, foe
self-preservation, for survival and human fulfillment at
ever higher levels of consciousness. We must conquer the
duality, the negative, the suicidal. These all contain
dangerous self-finding processes of destruction. We must
turn instead to the mysterious self-generation powers of
hope, creative thinking, love, life affirmation and
faith.”
Thus, as we mark on October 10 our opposition
to the death penalty, let us stress the dignity of all
persons and the strength of the affirmation of life. The
“marching orders” for those of us working for the
abolition of executions remains the letter written by
Bartolomeo Vanzetti on the eve of his death in 1927 to Judge
Thayer who had condemned to death Nicola Sacco and Vanzetti,
“If it had not been for these things, I might have live
out my life talking at street corners to scorning men. I
might have die, unmarked, unknown, a failure. Now we are not
a failure. This is our career and our triumph. Never in our
full life could we hope to do such work for tolerance, for
justice, for man’s understanding of man as now we do by
accident. Our words – our lives – our pains – nothing!
The taking of our lives – lives of a good shoemaker and a
poor fish peddler – all! That last moment belongs to us
– that agony is our triumph.”
Joan Baez, “The Ballad of Sacco and Vanzetti (Here’s to You)”
ends