The Destabilization of Pakistan
A Global Research Feature Article - December 30, 2007
The assassination of Benazir Bhutto has created conditions which contribute to the ongoing destabilization and
fragmentation of Pakistan as a Nation.
The process of US sponsored "regime change", which normally consists in the re-formation of a fresh proxy government
under new leaders has been broken. Discredited in the eyes of Pakistani public opinion, General Pervez Musharaf cannot
remain in the seat of political power. But at the same time, the fake elections supported by the "international
community" scheduled for January 2008, even if they were to be carried out, would not be accepted as legitimate, thereby
creating a political impasse.
There are indications that the assassination of Benazir Bhutto was anticipated by US officials:
"It has been known for months that the Bush-Cheney administration and its allies have been maneuvering to strengthen
their political control of Pakistan, paving the way for the expansion and deepening of the "war on terrorism" across the
region.
Various American destabilization plans, known for months by officials and analysts, proposed the toppling of Pakistan's
military...
The assassination of Bhutto appears to have been anticipated. There were even reports of "chatter" among US officials
about the possible assassinations of either Pervez Musharraf or Benazir Bhutto, well before the actual attempts took
place. (Larry Chin, Global Research, 29 December 2007)
Political Impasse
"Regime change" with a view to ensuring continuity under military rule is no longer the main thrust of US foreign
policy. The regime of Pervez Musharraf cannot prevail. Washington's foreign policy course is to actively promote the
political fragmentation and balkanization of Pakistan as a nation.
A new political leadership is anticipated but in all likelihood it will take on a very different shape, in relation to
previous US sponsored regimes. One can expect that Washington will push for a compliant political leadership, with no
commitment to the national interest, a leadership which will serve US imperial interests, while concurrently
contributing under the disguise of "decentralization", to the weakening of the central government and the fracture of
Pakistan's fragile federal structure.
The political impasse is deliberate. It is part of an evolving US foreign policy agenda, which favors disruption and
disarray in the structures of the Pakistani State. Indirect rule by the Pakistani military and intelligence apparatus is
to be replaced by more direct forms of US interference, including an expanded US military presence inside Pakistan.
This expanded military presence is also dictated by the Middle East-Central Asia geopolitical situation and Washington's
ongoing plans to extend the Middle East war to a much broader area.
The US has several military bases in Pakistan. It controls the country's air space. According to a recent report: "U.S.
Special Forces are expected to vastly expand their presence in Pakistan, as part of an effort to train and support
indigenous counter-insurgency forces and clandestine counterterrorism units" (William Arkin, Washington Post, December
2007).
The official justification and pretext for an increased military presence in Pakistan is to extend the "war on
terrorism". Concurrently, to justify its counterrorism program, Washington is also beefing up its covert support to the
"terrorists."
The Balkanization of Pakistan
Already in 2005, a report by the US National Intelligence Council and the CIA forecast a "Yugoslav-like fate" for
Pakistan "in a decade with the country riven by civil war, bloodshed and inter-provincial rivalries, as seen recently in
Balochistan." (Energy Compass, 2 March 2005). According to the NIC-CIA, Pakistan is slated to become a "failed state"
by 2015, "as it would be affected by civil war, complete Talibanisation and struggle for control of its nuclear
weapons". (Quoted by former Pakistan High Commissioner to UK, Wajid Shamsul Hasan, Times of India, 13 February 2005):
"Nascent democratic reforms will produce little change in the face of opposition from an entrenched political elite and
radical Islamic parties. In a climate of continuing domestic turmoil, the Central government's control probably will be
reduced to the Punjabi heartland and the economic hub of Karachi," the former diplomat quoted the NIC-CIA report as
saying.
Expressing apprehension, Hasan asked, "are our military rulers working on a similar agenda or something that has been
laid out for them in the various assessment reports over the years by the National Intelligence Council in joint
collaboration with CIA?" (Ibid)
Continuity, characterized by the dominant role of the Pakistani military and intelligence has been scrapped in favor of
political breakup and balkanization.
According to the NIC-CIA scenario, which Washington intends to carry out: "Pakistan will not recover easily from decades
of political and economic mismanagement, divisive policies, lawlessness, corruption and ethnic friction," (Ibid) .
The US course consists in fomenting social, ethnic and factional divisions and political fragmentation, including the
territorial breakup of Pakistan. This course of action is also dictated by US war plans in relation to both Afghanistan
and Iran.
This US agenda for Pakistan is similar to that applied throughout the broader Middle East Central Asian region. US
strategy, supported by covert intelligence operations, consists in triggering ethnic and religious strife, abetting and
financing secessionist movements while also weakening the institutions of the central government.
The broader objective is to fracture the Nation State and redraw the borders of Iraq, Iran, Syria, Afghanistan and
Pakistan.
Pakistan's Oil and Gas reserves
Pakistan's extensive oil and gas reserves, largely located in Balochistan province, as well as its pipeline corridors
are considered strategic by the Anglo-American alliance, requiring the concurrent militarization of Pakistani territory.
Balochistan comprises more than 40 percent of Pakistan's land mass, possesses important reserves of oil and natural gas
as well as extensive mineral resources.
The Iran-India pipeline corridor is slated to transit through Balochistan. Balochistan also possesses a deap sea port
largely financed by China located at Gwadar, on the Arabian Sea, not far from the Straits of Hormuz where 30 % of the
world's daily oil supply moves by ship or pipeline. (Asia News.it, 29 December 2007)
Pakistan has an estimated 25.1 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of proven gas reserves of which 19 trillion are located in
Balochistan. Among foreign oil and gas contractors in Balochistan are BP, Italy's ENI, Austria's OMV, and Australia's
BHP. It is worth noting that Pakistan's State oil and gas companies, including PPL which has the largest stake in the
Sui oil fields of Balochistan are up for privatization under IMF-World Bank supervision.
According to the Oil and Gas Journal (OGJ), Pakistan had proven oil reserves of 300 million barrels, most of which are located in Balochistan. Other estimates
place Balochistan oil reserves at an estimated six trillion barrels of oil reserves both on-shore and off-shore (Environment News Service, 27 October 2006) .
Covert Support to Balochistan Separatists
Balochistan's strategic energy reserves have a bearing on the separatist agenda. Following a familiar pattern, there are
indications that the Baloch insurgency is being supported and abetted by Britain and the US.
The Baloch national resistance movement dates back to the late 1940s, when Balochistan was invaded by Pakistan. In the
current geopolitical context, the separatist movement is in the process of being hijacked by foreign powers.
British intelligence is allegedly providing covert support to Balochistan separatists (which from the outset have been
repressed by Pakistan's military). In June 2006, Pakistan's Senate Committee on Defence accused British intelligence of
"abetting the insurgency in the province bordering Iran" [Balochistan]..(Press Trust of India, 9 August 2006). Ten
British MPs were involved in a closed door session of the Senate Committee on Defence regarding the alleged support of
Britain's Secret Service to Baloch separatists (Ibid). Also of relevance are reports of CIA and Mossad support to
Baloch rebels in Iran and Southern Afghanistan.
It would appear that Britain and the US are supporting both sides. The US is providing American F-16 jets to the
Pakistani military, which are being used to bomb Baloch villages in Balochistan. Meanwhile, British alleged covert
support to the separatist movement (according to the Pakistani Senate Committee) contributes to weakening the central
government.
The stated purpose of US counter-terrorism is to provide covert support as well as as training to "Liberation Armies"
ultimately with a view to destabilizing sovereign governments. In Kosovo, the training of the Kosovo Liberation Army
(KLA) in the 1990s had been entrusted to a private mercenary company, Military Professional Resources Inc (MPRI), on
contract to the Pentagon.
The BLA bears a canny resemblance to Kosovo's KLA, which was financed by the drug trade and supported by the CIA and
Germany's Bundes Nachrichten Dienst (BND).
The BLA emerged shortly after the 1999 military coup. It has no tangible links to the Baloch resistance movement, which
developed since the late 1940s. An aura of mystery surrounds the leadership of the BLA.
Baloch population in Pink: In Iran, Pakistan and Southern Afghanistan
Washington favors the creation of a "Greater Balochistan" which would integrate the Baloch areas of Pakistan with those
of Iran and possibly the Southern tip of Afghanistan (See Map above), thereby leading to a process of political
fracturing in both Iran and Pakistan.
"The US is using Balochi nationalism for staging an insurgency inside Iran's Sistan-Balochistan province. The 'war on
terror' in Afghanistan gives a useful political backdrop for the ascendancy of Balochi militancy" (See Global Research, 6 March 2007).
Military scholar Lieutenant Colonel Ralph Peters writing in the June 2006 issue of The Armed Forces Journal, suggests, in no uncertain terms that Pakistan should be broken up, leading to the formation of a separate country:
"Greater Balochistan" or "Free Balochistan" (see Map below). The latter would incorporate the Pakistani and Iranian
Baloch provinces into a single political entity.
In turn, according to Peters, Pakistan's North West Frontier Province (NWFP) should be incorporated into Afghanistan
"because of its linguistic and ethnic affinity". This proposed fragmentation, which broadly reflects US foreign policy,
would reduce Pakistani territory to approximately 50 percent of its present land area. (See map). Pakistan would also
loose a large part of its coastline on the Arabian Sea.
Although the map does not officially reflect Pentagon doctrine, it has been used in a training program at NATO's Defense
College for senior military officers. This map, as well as other similar maps, have most probably been used at the
National War Academy as well as in military planning circles. (See Mahdi D. Nazemroaya, Global Research, 18 November 2006)
"Lieutenant-Colonel Peters was last posted, before he retired to the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for
Intelligence, within the U.S. Defence Department, and has been one of the Pentagon's foremost authors with numerous
essays on strategy for military journals and U.S. foreign policy." (Ibid)
It is worth noting that secessionist tendencies are not limited to Balochistan. There are separatist groups in Sindh
province, which are largely based on opposition to the Punjabi-dominated military regime of General Pervez Musharraf (For Further details see Selig Harrisson, Le Monde diplomatique, October 2006)
"Strong Economic Medicine": Weakening Pakistan's Central Government
Pakistan has a federal structure based on federal provincial transfers. Under a federal fiscal structure, the central
government transfers financial resources to the provinces, with a view to supporting provincial based programs. When
these transfers are frozen as occurred in Yugoslavia in January 1990, on orders of the IMF, the federal fiscal structure
collapses:
"State revenues that should have gone as transfer payments to the republics [of the Yugoslav federation] went instead to
service Belgrade's debt ... . The republics were largely left to their own devices. ... The budget cuts requiring the
redirection of federal revenues towards debt servicing, were conducive to the suspension of transfer payments by
Belgrade to the governments of the Republics and Autonomous Provinces.
In one fell swoop, the reformers had engineered the final collapse of Yugoslavia's federal fiscal structure and mortally
wounded its federal political institutions. By cutting the financial arteries between Belgrade and the republics, the
reforms fueled secessionist tendencies that fed on economic factors as well as ethnic divisions, virtually ensuring the
de facto secession of the republics. (Michel Chossudovsky, The Globalization of Poverty and the New World Order, Second
Edition, Global Research, Montreal, 2003, Chapter 17.)
It is by no means accidental that the 2005 National Intelligence Council- CIA report had predicted a "Yugoslav-like
fate" for Pakistan pointing to the impacts of "economic mismanagement" as one of the causes of political break-up and
balkanization.
"Economic mismanagement" is a term used by the Washington based international financial institutions to describe the
chaos which results from not fully abiding by the IMF's Structural Adjustment Program. In actual fact, the "economic
mismanagement" and chaos is the outcome of IMF-World Bank prescriptions, which invariably trigger hyperinflation and
precipitate indebted countries into extreme poverty.
Pakistan has been subjected to the same deadly IMF "economic medicine" as Yugoslavia: In 1999, in the immediate wake of
the coup d'Etat which brought General Pervez Musharaf to the helm of the military government, an IMF economic package,
which included currency devaluation and drastic austerity measures, was imposed on Pakistan. Pakistan's external debt is
of the order of US$40 billion. The IMF's "debt reduction" under the package was conditional upon the sell-off to
foreign capital of the most profitable State owned enterprises (including the oil and gas facilities in Balochistan) at
rockbottom prices .
Musharaf's Finance Minister was chosen by Wall Street, which is not an unusual practice. The military rulers appointed
at Wall Street's behest, a vice-president of Citigroup, Shaukat Aziz, who at the time was head of CitiGroup's Global
Private Banking. (See WSWS.org, 30 October 1999). CitiGroup is among the largest commercial foreign banking institutions in Pakistan.
There are obvious similarities in the nature of US covert intelligence operations applied in country after country in
different parts of the so-called "developing World". These covert operation, including the organisation of military
coups, are often synchronized with the imposition of IMF-World Bank macro-economic reforms. In this regard, Yugoslavia's
federal fiscal structure collapsed in 1990 leading to mass poverty and heightened ethnic and social divisions. The US
and NATO sponsored "civil war" launched in mid-1991 consisted in coveting Islamic groups as well as channeling covert
support to separatist paramilitary armies in Bosnia, Kosovo and Macedonia.
A similar "civil war" scenario has been envisaged for Pakistan by the National Intelligence Council and the CIA: From
the point of view of US intelligence, which has a longstanding experience in abetting separatist "liberation armies",
"Greater Albania" is to Kosovo what "Greater Balochistan" is to Pakistan's Southeastern Balochistan province. Similarly,
the KLA is Washington's chosen model, to be replicated in Balochistan province.
The Assassination of Benazir Bhutto
Benazir Bhutto was assassinated in Rawalpindi, no ordinary city. Rawalpindi is a military city host to the headquarters
of the Pakistani Armed Forces and Military Intelligence (ISI). Ironically Bhutto was assassinated in an urban area
tightly controlled and guarded by the military police and the country's elite forces. Rawalpindi is swarming with ISI
intelligence officials, which invariably infiltrate political rallies. Her assassination was not a haphazard event.
Without evidence, quoting Pakistan government sources, the Western media in chorus has highlighted the role of Al-Qaeda,
while also focusing on the the possible involvement of the ISI.
What these interpretations do not mention is that the ISI continues to play a key role in overseeing Al Qaeda on behalf
of US intelligence. The press reports fail to mention two important and well documented facts:
1) the ISI maintains close ties to the CIA. The ISI is virtually an appendage of the CIA.
2) Al Qaeda is a creation of the CIA. The ISI provides covert support to Al Qaeda, acting on behalf of US intelligence.
The involvement of either Al Qaeda and/or the ISI would suggest that US intelligence was cognizant and/or implicated in
the assassination plot.
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© Copyright Michel Chossudovsky, Global Research, 2007/2008
Michel Chossudovsky is the author of the international bestseller America’s "War on Terrorism" Global Research, 2005. He
is Professor of Economics at the University of Ottawa and Director of the Center for Research on Globalization.
Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect
those of the Centre for Research on Globalization.
The url address of this article is: www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va=7705
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