First Establish the Will to Peace - Then chart the Way to Peace
By Muqtedar Khan
President Bush’s "road map to peace," which is based on the widely held vision of an independent Palestinian State
co-existing side by side with a secure and safe Israel, may still fail to deliver peace in the Middle East. The recent
agreement between the Palestinian Authority (PA) and Hamas, Islamic Jihad and the Al Aqsa brigade to temporarily cease
all military activities against Israel for the next three months and the withdrawal of Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) from
some Palestinian territories does suggest that the roadmap is now on its way to realization. But I am deeply pessimistic
of its prospects and there are two reasons for my skepticism.
Strategic Flaws
The plan places asymmetrical demands on the two parties which will become more and more palpable with time. It demands a
ceasefire from Palestinian militants but does not call for cessation of hostilities by Israel. Sure the ceasefire is to
be followed by an Israeli withdrawal (already in initial stages) but it does not put an end to assassinations by Israeli
forces (which nearly always includes killing of civilians, children and women). If Israel continues to wage war against
Hamas and company, the ceasefire cannot be expected to last long. Expectations that PA will do the job that IDF has
failed to accomplish in more than a decade is another weak link in the roadmap.
The roadmap envisages a minimalist role for the US, the most powerful player in the game, and places a lion's share of
the burden of bringing about change on the Palestinians, the weakest, the most disorganized and the most insecure of all
players involved. According to the plan, the Palestinians must stop all resistance to the occupation, they must then
transform themselves from a disorganized, chaotic and a frustrated society to a democratic, orderly and peaceful
community, and then Israeli will withdraw and dismantle some settlements and set the stage for a final status process.
It is not clear what the US will be doing during this critical period. If it continues with its coercive diplomacy in
the rest of the region (think Iran & Syria) there will be a negative fall out that will most certainly mobilize radicals and undermine peacemakers. The US
cannot make peace between Israel and Arabs while maintaining an actively hostile posture towards other Arab and Muslim
nations. There is no such thing as piecemeal peace.
It is also possible that the President's plan may simply fail because the Palestinian Authority (PA) is incapable of
delivering. During the last two years Sharon and the Israeli Defense Force (IDF) have systematically destroyed the
capability of the PA to be effective. Now this same diminished PA is expected to accomplish what even the IDF has failed
to fully achieve #8209;#8209; reign in Hamas and company. The plan also does not stipulate what the incentives are for
Israel and the US to follow through? If the Palestinians give up resistance, then the issue will be off the front pages
and on to the back burner and the Bush administration can refocus on other issues and Israel can restart settlement
buildings and the Palestinians would once again be no where.
Moreover the failure of the roadmap to include some mechanism by which Hamas and company can be co-opted in the peace
process is its biggest flaw. If this is designed to start a civil war between Palestinian factions then the prospects
for peace are over. Saab Erakat, the leading Palestinian negotiator has repeatedly asserted that there will be no civil
war in Palestine, and he has also expressed the willingness of PA to treat Hamas and other groups as legitimate
political forces, which can participate in the governance of Palestine. As long as the roadmap excludes the Palestinian
militants from the dialogue, they have no other option but to resume the Intifada. We know now that Israel cannot
eliminate or even diminish their capacity. Their means are no doubt abhorrent, but they are a force to reckon with and
it is time to seriously start thinking about opening negotiations, separat reconciliation. Exclusion exacerbates
radicalism and fosters terrorism; inclusion is in the spirit of democracy. Peace making entails making peace with the
enemy.
Visionary Flaws
Besides the strategic limits, the plan also reveals a naïve simplification of the complexity of the crisis and also a
rather un#8209;empathetic understanding of the state of the Palestinian people.
The plan lacks a strategy to bring about genuine changes in the hearts and minds of the people before peace can be
realized. One important reason why Palestinians and Israelis cannot find a way out of this tragic quagmire of violence
and suffering is because of the absence of an overwhelming willingness to find a peaceful solution. Another important
missing factor is the lack of determination in the US to aggressively pursue a peaceful solution. President Bush is able
to often step back and ignore the region essentially because there isn't enough pressure on him from the American
society to quickly resolve this festering crisis.
The road map to peace must first work towards fostering a willingness and urgency to make peace. Unless there is a will
to peace there can be no way to peace.
I believe that three necessary changes must occur in the mindsets of the major players before a genuinely lasting peace
can be achieved.
First, the US must adopt a sincerely evenhanded approach to the issue. This change in its approach must be perceptible
in words and deeds. American government, its media and the people at large must learn about the misery of the
Palestinian people and recognize their suffering. Only then will there be domestic support for giving Palestinians a
homeland where they can live in freedom and with dignity. American Presidents cannot solve this problem without strong
support from American people. America too will have to make some sacrifices for peace and freedom in the Middle East and
this cannot happen without first developing a strong constituency for peace at home. For a just and lasting solution,
America must be fully aware of the plight of the Palestinians and care for their rights and aspirations just as they
care about Israel.
Secondly, the people of Israel must recognize Palestinians as their moral equals. It is only through recognition of the
equal humanity of the Palestinians will Israelis become conscious of their angst. Nobody knows and understands
dispossession, pain and suffering better than the Jewish community. If only for a moment they can pause and look at
Palestinians as co#8209;humans, they will understand their plight and will be more willing to take risks and make
sacrifices for peace. Who can be a more powerful ally for peace than a pro#8209;Palestine Israel?
Finally, Muslims and Arabs must advance a vision of Israel that appeals to the Jewish community at large. So far all
they have done is demand justice for Palestine without directly addressing the future of Israel. Those who threaten the
destruction of Israel have confessed their opposition to peace and co#8209;existence. This position is untenable and
unacceptable to all that believe in peace and justice. Justice for any nation cannot come at the expense of another
nation. Nobody understands this better than the Palestinians. It is time that Arabs and Muslims articulated a vision of
the Middle East that offers an appealing future to all. Who can allay Israeli fears and insecurities more than
pro#8209;Israeli Arabs?
Just as in the war on terror, the struggle for peace in the Middle East must include a concomitant effort to change the
hearts and minds of people involved. Peace resides in the hearts and thoughts of peoples, not within territorial
boundaries. Before we can make space for the other we must let the other have a place in our hearts and our thoughts.
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Muqtedar Khan is a Visiting Fellow at Brookings Institution’s Saban Center for Middle East Policy. He is Chair,
Political Science Department and Director of International Studies at Adrian College. He is the author of American
Muslims: Bridging Faith and Freedom. His virtual address is http://www.ijtihad.org.