Distracted Health System Leadership Neglects Kidney Transplants

Thursday, 25 November 2021, 10:26 am
Column: Ian Powell

There are few things more self-evident that when a government focusses on major health structural change. Pressing issues in the health system are neglected by the system’s political and bureaucratic leadership.

This is self-evident in several areas, most noticeably the woeful neglect by the Labour government of the severe health professional shortages in New Zealand’s 20 district health boards (DHBs) including the public hospitals they are responsible for.

This crisis was inherited from the previous National government but, four years later, these severe shortages remain largely unaddressed if not through compounding got worse.

Which government is more responsible for this crisis – the government in charge when it happened or the government that condemned it when in opposition but neglected it once in power? I can no longer differentiate.

Kidney transplants

Now Stuff and Press journalist Cate Broughton has exposed another example of health system leadership neglect – kidney transplants – in a recently published article: https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/health/127059340/stalling-numbers-of-kidney-donations-would-cost-millions-of-dollars-in-dialysis-research-finds.

She cites research by the New Zealand Institute of Economic Research (NZIER) showing that the failure to promote kidney donations is costing New Zealand millions of dollars in dialysis treatment.

Kidney failure (also known as renal failure) is a medical condition in which the kidneys lose the ability to remove waste and balance fluids. In the absence of a transplant they are treated by dialysis machines. Medical specialists trained in this area are usually called renal physicians. Consistent with other debilitating chronic illnesses renal failure is steadily growing within the population.

Kidney transplants are only provided in three DHBs (Auckland, Capital & Coast and Canterbury). Nine of the 20 DHBs have no dialysis services. The absence of a national renal service or network is a glaring omission in New Zealand’s public health system.

Access to kidney transplants in New Zealand has become more difficult in recent years with the transplantation rate low compared with other countries while transplant demand has increased. Looking ahead the signs are that this will get worse.

According to NZIER the number of New Zealanders with late-stage kidney disease and unable to access transplantation was expected to increase by 30% from about 3,700 in 2020 to about 5,700 by 2031-32.

Instead these patients will be condemned to dialysis treatment machines which can provide minimum kidney function by driving waste from the body.

Short-sighted fiscal irresponsibility

NZIER’s estimated dialysis treatment cost for government would increase from $425.5 million to $655.5 million each year. This is based on a projected annual cost of $115,000 per patient. In contrast, transplants cost about $75,000 per patients and on average giving them an extra 20 years of life.

In 2019 there were around 221 kidney transplants. NZIER advised that increasing this number by 50 each year would save the health system $70 million over the next six years. The financial and health (including quality of life) benefits are irrefutable.

Kidney Health New Zealand general manager Michael Campbell is reported as saying that these findings “…finally expose the disappointing track record of successive governments in failing to adopt basic and easily-achievable measures to increase our transplant rates”. He accuses Jacinda Ardern’s governments (Labour-NZ First and Labour alone) as being “asleep at the wheel”.

The reason for his harsh assessment is a four-year delay in rolling out its deceased organ donation strategy which was signed off in 2017. Campbell notes that many countries successfully increased transplant donation rates through funding of promotion and education initiatives.

While this delay continues national eligibility criteria for transplant waiting lists can only manage demand rather than determine who is medically suitable. This is unacceptable clinically for a government claiming to support wellbeing. It is also fiscally irresponsible.

National renal service or network

Kidney Health New Zealand advocates a national renal service (there are already national services or networks for some treatments that can’t be consistently provided across many DHBs). DHBs are not the problem; failings in national leadership are.

Unsurprisingly Kidney Health New Zealand is calling for a national renal service. This is endorsed by MidCentral DHB renal physician Dr Curtis Walker (also Chair of the Medical Council) who also notes the decades of disparity for Māori and Pasifika patients needing kidney transplants.

Despite making up 60% of all dialysis treatment patients, over the last year Māori and Pasifika received less than a quarter of transplants of other ethnic groups.

A very fixable problem

It would not take much to turnaround this worsening predicament for the growing number of patients suffering renal failure. It is fixable. There are relatively low cost solutions. What is required is leadership from government and the health system.

First, it would require a good promotional and educational campaign on the importance and benefits of significantly increasing the number of kidney organ donors (the significant increase is more proportions than numbers).

This was central to the strategy adopted by government back in 2017 but then side-lined. It is doable. There is hardly a shortage of communications staff working in the health system or of external public relations support. They would have access to plenty of high quality clinical and related expertise and experience within the health system, beginning with those working in renal treatment and transplants.

Second, ensuring a nationally coordinated service or network is not rocket science. We already have experience of this in, for example, cancer treatment and cardiology. The expertise and experience required to design something workable and sustainable resides within the health system.

The obstacle

The obstacle is political and bureaucratic leadership at a central government level. Abolishing DHBs, which are responsible for the provision and funding of health services for their geographically defined populations, by next July has distracted this leadership from doing its job.

Destabilising through restructuring is the major cause of this four year and growing delay. Given the relatively uncomplicated nature of what is required to fix the problem of insufficient kidney transplant donors this can’t be blamed on the Covid-19 pandemic which commenced less than two years ago.

Morals of the story

Most stories have at least one moral. The kidney transplant neglect has at least three. One is that structural change does not improve the effectiveness of the health system. Sustainable system improvement requires a strong engagement culture which has been absent in this issue.

The second is that major restructuring (such as abolishing and replacing DHBs responsible for the provision and funding of health services from community to hospital) distracts and destabilises the health system from addressing otherwise solvable challenges.

Finally, what makes good clinical sense also invariably makes good financial sense. Conversely, what does not make good clinical sense makes bad financial sense. This is not rocket science but the political and bureaucratic national leadership of Aotearoa’s health system simply does not get it – yet!

© Scoop Media

Ian Powell

Otaihanga Second Opinion is a regular health systems blog in New Zealand.

Ian Powell is the editor of the health systems blog 'Otaihanga Second Opinion.' He is also a columnist for New Zealand Doctor, occasional columnist for the Sunday Star Times, and contributor to the Victoria University hosted Democracy Project. For over 30 years , until December 2019, he was the Executive Director of Association of Salaried Medical Specialists, the union representing senior doctors and dentists in New Zealand.

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