An accelerating avalanche of technological breakthroughs in areas like artificial intelligence, machine learning and
robotics has already changed how we do things, so where does that leave the global workforce?
If the old rules no longer apply, how will countries do business, what skills will be valued and who will be the winners
and losers in the new digital world?
A leading expert in globalisation, economist Professor Richard Baldwin will be joining other international and New
Zealand experts in addressing these issues at the Auckland Trade and Economic Policy School (ATEPS) at the University of
Auckland from 6 to 7 September, 2019.
Professor Baldwin is being hosted in New Zealand by the Public Policy Institute which is planning for this inaugural
school to become a yearly event.
According to Dr Baldwin’s latest book, The Globotics Upheaval: Globalisation, Robotics and the Future of Work (February, 2019), we should be both nervous and excited about the future, depending on whether we’re poised to benefit
or lose out.
“Whereas globalisation up to now has largely been about what we make, in the near future, it will be about what we do,”
he says, “and digital technology will make it much easier to ship people’s services across borders.”
A professor of international economics at the Graduate Institute in Geneva, Professor Baldwin says that as global goods
trading works by arbitrage – the practice of taking advantage of a price between two or more markets and capitalising on
the imbalance – the same process can be applied to workers’ skills.
“With new technology like workplace messaging app Slack and virtual and augmented reality making remote employees more
easily ‘telepresent’ in a foreign company, white-collar workers from emerging economies can slot in to western companies
at about a tenth of the usual labour price.”
Add in the fact that Google breakthroughs in translation software will effectively remove the language barrier that has
impeded this way of working up to now, and he says white-collar workers in western countries who have largely avoided
the redundant fate of their blue collar colleagues will no longer be immune to digital disruption.
And then if machine learning – a subset of AI where computers are able to use an algorithm that allows them to ‘learn’
how to perform a task without human instruction – then jobs traditionally done by skilled professionals in everything
from assessing insurance claims to making a medical diagnosis can be automated.
All of which leaves governments and the international trade policy community urgently needing a new set of rules and
policies governing trade and economics which take into account crucial factors like social inclusion in an unpredictable
and ever-changing environment.
Disruptions and Disruptors, the Auckland Trade and Economic Policy School on 6 and 7 September, is being hosted at the University of Auckland’s
Fale Pasifika by the Public Policy Institute.
Leading economists, academics, trade experts, exporters, business leaders and diplomats from Asia, North America and
Europe will join New Zealand experts to offer their own insights into these challenges, and how a country like New
Zealand can best respond to them.
Other international experts include: Mari Pangestu, Hosuk Lee-Makiyama, Sherry Stephenson, Lucian Cernat, Fukunari
Kimura, and Zhang Jianping. New Zealand’s Minister for Trade and Export Growth, the Hon. David Parker, and Deputy
Secretary Vangelis Vitalis will also be speaking. ATEPS is hosted in partnership with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
and Trade.
Editor’s notes
• Directed by Professor Jennifer Curtin, The Public Policy Institute Te Whare Marea Tātari Kaupapa, is hosted by the Faculty of Arts at the University of Auckland. It provides independent
analysis and insight into key policy issues affecting New Zealand and the world.
• Professor Richard Baldwin is the founder and editor-in-chief of the policy portal VoxEU.org, and an associate member
of Nuffield College at the University of Oxford. As well as his research and teaching, he advises governments and
international organisations around the world on globalisation and trade policy issues.