Media Release
19 February 2013
- for immediate release
Demand For Oil A Key Issue At International Tourism Conference
The role travel plays in transforming lives formed the third and final keynote address at the annual Council for
Australasian University Tourism and Hospitality Education (CAUTHE) held at Lincoln University last week.
Distinguished Professor and Director of the Centre for Mobilities Research at Lancaster University in the UK, John Urry
addressed over 200 delegates from all over the world at the prestigious international tourism forum.
Now in its 23rd year, the CAUTHE conference represents universities in Australia and New Zealand that teach and research
tourism and hospitality. This is the first year the event has been hosted in New Zealand.
Lincoln University Professor of Tourism David Simmons says the address highlighted some of the challenges faced by the
Australasian tourism industry.
“There are enormous challenges in a fuel- and carbon-constrained world,” says Professor Simmons. “But there are also
significant opportunities for countries, such as Australia and New Zealand, in looking at the current industry in terms
of the strength of our market proposition. We need to maintain our unique environment and engagement with our local
culture to ensure a long-term point of difference.
“This is an area that is part of our long-term focus on growing our tourism sector.”
Professor John Urry’s keynote address looked at the importance of tourism and travel in an increasingly mobile world
population.
“In the 1840s, it was the railway age and the time of firsts – the first timetables, the first postal service, and also
the first package tour organised by Thomas Cook,” says Professor Urry. “Thomas Cook re-organised the process of mass
travel, which has extended on an astonishing scale.
“Although people don’t necessarily spend more time travelling now, they do travel a greater distance, and are able to
maintain greater connections across time and space. And it is all made possible by machine-based movement.”
Professor Urry says a defining moment in the tourism sector occurred at the start of the 20th Century. “In 1901,
Spindletop in Texas was home to the first oil gusher. Suddenly, a source of cheap fuel for petrol-based combustion
engines had arrived. It also made possible the Wright brothers’ flight in 1904.
“Throughout the following years, an array of fast machines, new technology and streamlined ways of organising people
meant an emergence of new environments to be visited – often from afar. It also set up patterns of ‘mobile lives’.
“Nowadays, to be part of a network often means travel. So as well as ‘food miles’, perhaps we should also be looking
into ‘family miles’, ‘collegial miles’ and ‘business miles’.”
This has meant travel – particularly to support emotional and social ties – has become part of so many lives, says
Professor Urry. “Travelling became core to many people’s identities. It’s no surprise that people in New Zealand have
one of the highest ratios of passports – certainly higher than in the U.S.”
A significant threat to that mobility is the lack of supply of oil, says Professor Urry.
“Almost all transportation – 95% – is oil-based. Oil is also part of many manufactured goods. 95% of food production and
distribution is made possible by oil, and heating and power are also heavily reliant on oil. This means that a
concentration of all social and political life is based on a single resource. But what happens when there is no oil? And
how do you come up with a plan ‘B’ that will work on a global scale? So contemporary tourism and travel rests on a
problematic resource.”
With more than half of the world population living less than 30 minutes from a major city, and only 10% of the world
land area classified as ‘remote’, Professor Urry says people place a huge importance on miles travelled.
“If you look at the miles people and products travel, you can see the numerous ways in which people’s lives are
dependent on oil. When Hurricane Katrina resulted in a fall in oil production, combined with a shortage in Gulf
supplies, oil prices increased significantly. Financial collapse infiltrated ‘sub-prime suburbs’. Oil dependent suburbs
were hit hard by these shortages – the further away you were from big cities, the higher the affect of foreclosures.
“Some say the financial crunch was the oil collapse – oil and finance are strongly linked. If there is only a limited
amount of oil, the question is: who gets the oil; how much do they receive; and what are the consequences?”
As oil demand continues to outstrip supply, Professor Urry says the virtual world is not a solution. “The virtual world
may replace the frequency with which we travel, but, in general, communications tend to enhance physical travel, not the
other way around. And a digital world will still be extremely costly in terms of energy. There is a lot lost through
digital experiences – travelling in the virtual world will never substitute the real thing.”
The week-long CAUTHE conference included a varied programme focusing on tourism, risk and resilience; global change and
the environment; tourism, productivity and innovation; transforming people and places through tourism; and indigenous
tourism in a changing world – among many other themes.
ENDS