The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate fell to 3.9 percent in the September 2018 quarter, Stats NZ said today.
This is down from 4.4 percent last quarter and is the lowest unemployment rate since the June 2008 quarter, when it was
3.8 percent.
The fall in the unemployment rate in the latest quarter reflected a fall in the number of unemployed people (down
13,000) and a strong rise in employment (up 29,000). This quarter’s employment rate rose to 68.3 percent, the highest
rate since the series began more than 30 years ago.
The fall in unemployment, in tandem with a fall in underemployment, was key to the underutilisation rate falling to 11.3
percent.
“While this quarter’s unemployment rate is outside market expectations, we know New Zealand has a small economy with a
dynamic labour market, and large changes, both up and down, have happened before – in late 2012 and 2015,” labour market
and household statistics senior manager Jason Attewell said.
“We also know labour market measures tend to lag behind other economic indicators, which have shown strong and
widespread growth in 2018. We’ve seen population growth in the regions, reports of more job ads, high levels of
migration and tourism, growing retail sales, and rising exports.”
“Labour market data is most valuable when placed in the context of a time series. The trend series, which reveals the
underlying direction of movement, has now fallen for seven consecutive quarters,” Mr Attewell said.
The likelihood that someone would move out of unemployment, from one quarter to the next, rose in the September 2018
quarter when compared with previous September quarters.
A tight labour market can lead to low unemployment – when demand for workers increases to the point where people who are
not in the labour force, or are unemployed, secure employment almost immediately on wanting a job.
In the latest quarter, 109,000 people were unemployed – 13,000 (10.5 percent) fewer than in the June 2018 quarter, with
8,000 fewer women and 5,000 fewer men. For both sexes, this mainly reflected 11,000 fewer unemployed youth
(15–24-year-olds).
There were 6,000 fewer youth unemployed and not in education, which led to the not in employment, education or training
(NEET) rate falling to 10.1 percent. The fall in NEET youth was primarily influenced by men and women aged 20–24 years.
There were also:
• 5,000 fewer youth who were unemployed and in education
• 7,000 more youth in education and employment
• 5,000 more youth in education and not in the labour force.
In the year to the September 2018 quarter, 73,200 (unadjusted) more people, as measured by the household labour force
survey (HLFS), were employed (up 2.8 percent) – 45,200 more women and 28,000 more men.
These regions had significant employment growth:
• Auckland – up 34,600 (3.8 percent)
• Waikato – up 8,400 (3.3 percent)
• Otago – up 6,700 (5.5 percent)
• Gisborne/Hawke’s Bay – up 6,400 (6.5 percent)
• Taranaki – up 4,300 (7.1 percent).
Annually, filled jobs, as measured by the quarterly employment survey (QES), increased 1.2 percent (unadjusted) – 23,500
more jobs. Of this increase, 17,500 were held by women and 6,000 by men.
Differences between filled jobs in the QES and employment numbers in the HLFS can largely be explained by differences in
survey coverage. The QES excludes some industries (including agriculture), and those who are self-employed without
employees (to better fit international standards). Conversely, the HLFS only includes usually resident New Zealanders,
so can exclude some temporary seasonal labourers.
The labour cost index (LCI) increased 1.8 percent in the year to the September 2018 quarter, while the analytical
unadjusted LCI increased 3.3 percent. Private sector wages increased 1.9 percent, while public sector wages increased
1.5 percent.
Within the QES, wages also grew annually. Average ordinary time hourly earnings increased to $31.34 (up 2.9 percent).
Private sector average ordinary time hourly earnings increased 3.6 percent, to $29.38, while for the public sector the
increase was 1.6 percent, to $39.31.
Average weekly earnings (including overtime) for full-time equivalent employees (FTEs) also increased annually, up 3.3
percent to $1,212.82 per week.