Australian Budget Observer: Further deterioration of fiscal bottom line
Today’s mid-year fiscal update – the first from the new government – showed a further deterioration in the fiscal
position, with a deficit of -3.0% of GDP expected for 2013/14 (previously -1.9%). Looser short term fiscal policy will
support growth, which is currently running at a below trend pace. New forward projections show no return to surplus
(previously 2016/17), on an assumption of ‘no change’ of policy. No new plans for medium-term fiscal consolidation or
tax reform were included today, with these expected to arrive with the May 2014 budget. Australia's fiscal position is
still not bad, but it should be better.
Facts
- The underlying cash budget deficit is now expected to be -$A47bn (-3.0% of GDP) in 2013/14, versus an August
pre-election update (PEFO) estimate of -$A30.1bn (-1.9% of GDP) and a May budget estimate of -$A18bn (-1.1% of GDP).
- For 2014/15, the budget deficit is expected to be -$A33.9bn (-2.1% of GDP), versus an August number of -$A24.0bn
(-1.5% of GDP) and a May budget estimate of -$A10.8bn (-0.6% of GDP). Forward estimates show budget deficits cumulating
to -$A123bn (versus -$A22bn as at May budget).
- Real GDP growth is expected to be +2.5% in 2013/14 (versus +2.5% in August and +2.75% in May) and +2.5% in 2014/15
(versus +3.0% in August and +2.75% in May). Nominal GDP is expected to grow by +3.5% in 2013/14 and 2014/15 (in August
the forecasts were for +3.75% and +4.5%, respectively). The unemployment rate is forecast to rise to 6.25% by mid-2015.
- The forward projections now suggest a budget surplus is not expected on the basis of the government’s ‘no change’ in
policy assumption (previously, surpluses were estimated to arrive by 2016/17). At the same time, they committed to
making policy adjustment in coming budgets that yield ‘sustainable surpluses that build to at least 1% of GDP by
2023/24’, which is implies policy changes will be announced at the May 2014 budget to plan to achieve this.
Implications
Today’s mid-year update showed further deterioration in the fiscal position. This was the result of a downgrade to
expected nominal growth and increased government spending in the near term. Overall, Australia’s fiscal position is not
that bad, although it should be much better and plans need to be made to put it onto a more sustainable medium-term
footing.
The budget deficit is now expected to be -$A47bn (-3.0% of GDP) in 2013/14, versus a pre-election update estimate of
-$A30.1bn (-1.9% of GDP) in August. A significant part of the difference in the budget bottom line reflects the
government’s plans not to go ahead with public sector job cuts, worth $A5.2bn, and to a top-up the RBA balance sheet by
$A8.8bn, which had previously been run-down in an attempt to shore up the budget bottom line.
Looser fiscal policy in the short run – as a result of today’s budget – will support growth in an economy that is
currently growing at a below trend pace. This is prudent, as it would not seem appropriate to aggressively tighten
fiscal policy at this point in the cycle. Our fiscal impulse estimates suggest that while fiscal consolidation was a
drag on Australian GDP of around -1.6ppts in 2012/13, this financial year the fiscal setting is likely to be supportive
to the tune of around +1.4ppts of GDP.
Beyond the near term horizon, the government only included projections based on an assumption of ‘no change’ in policy –
they made no new spending or taxation decisions, instead letting the underlying economic outlook drive the fiscal bottom
line. On these estimates the budget remains in deficit out as far as 2023/24, where the projections end. This would see
gross Commonwealth government debt rise to $A667bn by 2023/24 (26% of GDP) and net debt peak in 2018/19 at 16.2% of GDP,
before declining (as growth in the economy will then outpace growth in new net debt).
This can, however, be treated as a scenario as the government also committed to making policy adjustment in coming
budgets that yield ‘sustainable surpluses that build to at least 1% of GDP by 2023/24’. Plans for greater medium-term
fiscal consolidation are expected to be announced in next year’s May 2014 budget (following an inquiry by the new
Commission of Audit). Care will need to be taken to put Australia on a path to medium-term fiscal balance, without
unduly tightening policy at a time when growth is still below trend. The significant delay in firming up the
government’s medium-term plans could also be somewhat costly, as it leaves households and businesses uncertain about
what the government will do.
Overall, Australia’s fiscal accounts are still in reasonable shape, particularly when compared with other countries. Net
federal government debt is only 12.1% of GDP in 2013/14 and would be set to peak at 16.2% of GDP in 2018/19, even on the
government’s assumptions of no policy change. This is not bad, although it should be better, given Australia’s commodity
price boom of recent years.
Bottom line
The government expects larger fiscal deficits in the next two years, as a result of some increase in near term spending
and a weaker outlook for nominal GDP growth.
No new plans for medium-term fiscal consolidation or tax reform were included today, with these likely to arrive with
the May 2014 budget.
Looser near term fiscal policy will be more supportive of near term growth, leaving the RBA with one less reason to cut
rates further.