Travel restrictions during the COVID pandemic have been particularly hard on refugees and migrants who move out of
necessity, stranding millions from home, the UN migration agency, IOM, said on Thursday.
According to the International Organization for Migration (IOM), the first year of the pandemic saw more than 111,000 travel restrictions and border closures around the world at
their peak in December.
These measures “have thwarted many people’s ability to pursue migration as a tool to escape conflict, economic collapse,
environmental disaster and other crises”, IOM maintained.
In mid-July, nearly three million people were stranded, sometimes without access to consular assistance, nor the means
to meet their basic needs.
In Panama, the UN agency said that thousands were cut off in the jungle while attempting to travel north to the United
States; in Lebanon, migrant workers were affected significantly by the August 2020 explosion in Beirut and the
subsequent surge of COVID-19 cases.Business as usual
Border closures also prevented displaced people from seeking refuge, IOM maintained, but not business travellers, who
“have continued to move fairly freely”, including through agreed ‘green lanes’, such as the one between Singapore and
Malaysia.
By contrast, those who moved out of necessity - such as migrant workers and refugees – have had to absorb expensive
quarantine and self-isolation costs, IOM said, noting that in the first half of 2020, asylum applications fell by
one-third, compared to the same period a year earlier.Unequal restrictions
As the COVID crisis continues, this distinction between those who can move and those who cannot, will likely become even
more pronounced, IOM said, “between those with the resources and opportunities to move freely, and those whose movement
is severely restricted by COVID-19-related or pre-existing travel and visa restrictions and limited resources”.
This inequality is even more likely if travel is allowed for anyone who has been vaccinated or tested negative for
COVID-19, or for those with access to digital health records – an impossibility for many migrants.Health risks
Frontier lockdowns also reduced options for those living in overcrowded camps with high coronavirus infection rates in Bangladesh and Greece, IOM’s report indicated.
In South America, meanwhile, many displaced Venezuelans in Colombia, Peru, Chile, Ecuador and Brazil, lost their
livelihoods and some have sought to return home – including by enlisting the services of smugglers.