GENEVA (22 January 2021) – States and non-state actors must cooperate in an equitable, globally coordinated vaccine distribution programme,
such as the COVID-19 Vaccine Global Access Facility (COVAX) led by the World Health Organization, or risk stalling
recovery from the health pandemic, a UN expert said today. Urging an end to individualised approaches and vaccine
competition, the UN Independent Expert on human rights and international solidarity, Mr Obiora C. Okafor, made the following statement:
“The last few weeks of 2020 witnessed the historic approval of several COVID-19 vaccines by regulators in various
countries, offering much hope to billions of people worldwide. Several states, mostly in the Global North, have already
secured large quantities of the approved vaccines and commenced vaccinating their populations. Unfortunately, this has
not been the case in almost all of the Global South states, in which close to 90 percent of the world’s population
lives. The world therefore faces a sharp and highly problematic vaccine-divide in which the much richer Global North states, which host a very small percentage of the global population, have so far
cornered the vast majority of available COVID-19 vaccines, leaving the bulk of the world’s population with almost no
access to these medicines.
Rich states have, quite understandably, acted according to their perceived national self-interest, and under great
political pressure from their own populations to rapidly end the pandemic for them. They imagine that the pandemic will
end for them once their populations receive these vaccines, regardless of whether the same experience is simultaneously
replicated in the poorer states that host the vast majority of the world’s population.
And yet, this pandemic will not end for anyone, until it ends for everyone. The virus can still travel from the vastly
unvaccinated massive population of the Global South to the Global North, including in its increasingly mutating forms.
This would likely bolster or reignite the pandemic, even in states that have vaccinated large swathes of their
populations, or otherwise complicate or delay the effort to end it.
A globally coordinated vaccine distribution programme is highly preferable to the individualised approaches adopted by
all-too-many of the richer states. International vaccine solidarity should be much preferred over international vaccine competition, such as the COVID-19 Vaccine Global Access Facility (COVAX) led by the World Health Organization that aims at global
equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines by fairly distributing two billion doses by the end of 2021.
States, rather than act separately to hoard vaccines, should rededicate themselves to the COVAX programme. While many
have commendably contributed large sums of money to COVAX, they undermine its effectiveness, and the overall effort to
end the pandemic as rapidly as possible for everyone, when they simultaneously engage in vaccine hoarding.
Similarly, any measure that can ensure this outcome deserves serious consideration. A vast increase in the availability
of doses can only be brought about in the shortest possible time by the production of generic versions of vaccines by as
many companies as possible, without them being unduly constrained by patents.
Given the great urgency of ensuring for everyone, everywhere, as rapid and effective access to COVID-19 vaccines as
possible, I therefore urge urgent and strong action by States and other actors toward a course correction.”
This statement was endorsed by the following independent experts: Ms. Tlaleng Mofokeng, Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental
health; Mr. Saad Alfarargi, Special Rapporteur on the right to development, and Mr. Livingstone Sewanyana, Independent Expert on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order.
Mr Obiora C. Okafor was appointed by the Human Rights Council as the Independent Expert on human rights and international solidarity in June 2017. He is the York Research Chair in International and Transnational Legal Studies (Senior Tier) and a
tenured Full Professor of Law at the Osgoode Hall Law School of York University, Toronto, Canada. He is also a former
Chairperson of the UN Human Rights Council Advisory Committee.