Incentives could encourage farmers to protect environment, says UN agency
The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has proposed offering cash payments as an incentive to
encourage farmers to use eco-friendly practices, in a bid to protect the environment and address concerns associated
with climate change.
In its annual publication, The State of Food and Agriculture 2007, FAO notes that hundreds of payment programmes for
environmental services are currently being implemented around the world, mainly as part of forest conservation
initiatives. "But relatively few programmes for environmental services have targeted farmers and agricultural lands in
developing countries," it adds.
"Agriculture employs more people and uses more land and water than any other human activity," FAO Director-General
Jacques Diouf says in the foreword to the report.
"It has the potential to degrade the Earth's land, water, atmosphere and biological resources - or to enhance them -
depending on the decisions made by the more than two billion people whose livelihoods depend directly on crops,
livestock, fisheries or forests. Ensuring appropriate incentives for these people is essential."
Payments can take different forms as voluntary transactions involving farmers, communities, taxpayers, consumers,
corporations and governments, according to FAO. They could be direct payments by governments to producers or indirect
transfers, such as consumers paying extra for a cup of shade-grown coffee beans.
The agency notes that population growth, rapid economic development, increasing demand for biofuels and climate change
are putting environmental resources under pressure throughout the world.
One of the important reasons for environmental degradation is the perception that many of nature's services are free -
no one owns them or is rewarded for them and farmers have little incentive to protect them, states FAO.
Payments for environmental services represent one way of increasing incentives to adopt improved agricultural practices
- and even to offset pollution generated in other sectors.
FAO adds that while such measures can ensure that farmers consider the impact of their production decisions on the
environment, they are not the best solution in all situations.
ENDS