Brazil: Government and judiciary fail Brazil’s indigenous peoples once more
In Brazil, Indigenous peoples continue to suffer violence and severe economic deprivation as a result of the failure of
the government and the judiciary to protect their constitutional right to land, Amnesty International said today.
On 16 December 2005, a Guarani-Kaiowá community living in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul was violently evicted from
their ancestral land in a large-scale operation carried out by the Federal Police with unofficial support from local
landowners. The eviction came after a number of legal interventions including a Supreme Court (STF) ruling that
effectively suspended the Guarani-Kaiowá’s constitutional right to their land.
The Guarani-Kaiowá are now encamped along the MS-384 highway, with insufficient food, sanitation and shelter.
“The ruling had catastrophic consequences on the Guarani-Kaiowá indigenous community,” said Patrick Wilcken, Amnesty
International’s campaigner on Brazil.
“A woman who was seven months pregnant miscarried after suffering a fall during the eviction; and a one-year-old baby
succumbed to dehydration after bouts of diarrhoea.”
On 24 December 2005, nine days after the eviction, thirty-nine-year-old Dorvalino Rocha was shot in the chest at the
entrance to the Fronteira Farm in the municipality of Antônio João in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. According to
reports, he was killed by a private security guard hired by local landowners.
Amnesty International and local NGOs had repeatedly warned that the eviction would result in further violence and social
deprivation for the Guarani-Kaiowá people.
Dorvalino Rocha is the 38th indigenous activist killed in 2005 – the worst year for over a decade, according to the
Brazilian NGO the Indigenous Missionary Council. Twenty-eight of these killings took place in the state of Mato Grosso
do Sul alone.
“The plight of the Guarani-Kaiowá is typical of what happens when the land ratification process is stalled or reversed
by court order. Indigenous peoples are forced to squat on the margins of their ancestral lands, in constant fear of
reprisal from gunmen hired by landowners or poorly monitored security firms,” said Mr Wilcken
“We spend the whole night in fear. We lose sleep with each passing car” said Eugênio Morales, one of the leaders of the
encampment.
“While the Federal government have belatedly taken some steps to address the problems caused by the eviction, providing
emergency aid, they did nothing to prevent this situation from developing in the first place,” said Mr Wilcken.
Amnesty International called on the Brazilian authorities to set out clear policies and specific strategies for tackling
the persistent human rights issues that affect Brazil’s indigenous population. Amnesty International also calls on the
federal government to thoroughly investigate private security companies and their role in cases of human rights
violations.