NASA Releases Plans for Next-Generation Spacecraft
Robotic missions between 2008 and 2011 will study, map lunar surface
NASA Administrator Michael Griffin on September 19 released a plan for the next generation of spacecraft to take humans
back to the moon and to Mars.
According to a NASA press release, the exploration architecture study makes design recommendations for a vehicle to
carry crews into space, a family of launch vehicles to take crews to the moon and beyond, and "lunar mission
architecture" for landing on the moon.
"This spacecraft and its systems will build upon the foundation of the proven designs and technologies used in the
Apollo and space shuttle programs, while having far greater capability," Griffin said.
The proposed spacecraft would use an improved crew capsule and accommodate up to six people. It could be configured to
support human explorers or fly unpiloted to carry cargo.
Its design includes the flexibility to ferry crews of three astronauts plus more supplies to and from the International
Space Station, take four crewmembers to lunar orbit and eventually maintain up to six astronauts on a mission to Mars.
The study lays out a deliberate, milestone-driven journey to the moon for NASA.
That journey is expected to start with robotic missions between 2008 and 2011 to study, map and learn about the lunar
surface.
Additional information about the new spacecraft is available on NASA’s Web site.
Text of the NASA press release follows:
(begin text)
NASA
[Washington, D.C.]
Press release, September 19, 2005
NASA RELEASES PLANS FOR NEXT GENERATION SPACECRAFT
NASA Administrator Michael Griffin today released the results of the agency's exploration architecture study – a
blueprint for the next generation of spacecraft to take humans back to the moon and on to Mars and other destinations.
The study makes specific design recommendations for a vehicle to carry crews into space, a family of launch vehicles to
take crews to the moon and beyond, and a "lunar mission architecture" for landing on the moon. It also recommends the
technologies NASA should pursue in the near term.
The study will assist NASA in achieving President Bush's Vision for Space Exploration, which calls for the agency to
safely return the space shuttle to flight, complete the International Space Station, return to the moon, and continue
exploration of Mars and beyond.
America's next generation spacecraft will use an improved, blunt-body crew capsule, and will accommodate up to six
people. "This spacecraft and its systems will build upon the foundation of the proven designs and technologies used in
the Apollo and space shuttle programs, while having far greater capability," Griffin said. "It will be able to carry
larger and heavier cargos into space and allow more people to stay on the moon for longer periods of time."
The new spacecraft can be configured either to support human explorers or fly unpiloted to carry cargo. Its design
allows the flexibility to ferry crews of three astronauts, plus additional supplies, to and from the International Space
Station, take four crew members to lunar orbit, and eventually maintain up to six astronauts on a mission to Mars.
Crews and cargo will be carried into orbit by a space shuttle-derived launch system, consisting of a solid rocket
booster and an upper stage powered by a shuttle main engine that can lift 25 metric tons. The spacecraft also will be 10
times safer than the space shuttle because of its in-line design and launch-abort system.
NASA chose the shuttle-derived option for its launch system due to its superior safety, cost and its availability.
Specifically, the space shuttle's main engines and solid rocket boosters are reliable and rated for human space flight.
Much of the industrial base and hardware to support this option are already in place, which will significantly lower
development costs. Future lunar exploration missions will be supported by a heavy cargo launch vehicle consisting of
five space shuttle main engines, and two five-segment shuttle solid-propellant rocket boosters. This combination yields
a lift capability of 106 metric tons to low Earth orbit, and 125 metric tons, if it incorporates an Earth-departure
stage. Although primarily designed to carry cargo, this system can be human-rated to carry crew into orbit.
The study lays out a deliberate, milestone-driven journey to the moon for NASA. Returning to the moon and sustaining a
presence there will demonstrate humans can survive on another world, and will build confidence that astronauts can
venture still farther into space and stay for longer periods. NASA's return to the moon will open opportunities for
fundamental science in astrobiology, lunar geology, exobiology, astronomy and physics.
The journey will start with robotic missions between 2008 and 2011 to study, map and learn about the lunar surface.
These early missions will help determine lunar landing sites and whether resources, such as oxygen, hydrogen and metals,
are available for use in NASA's long-term lunar exploration objectives.
All NASA field centers will participate in the new exploration initiative.
For more information about the Exploration Systems Architecture Study and its results, visit: http://www.nasa.gov/home