Text of the ‘July package’ — the General Council’s post-Cancún decision
The text of the General Council’s decision on the Doha Agenda work programme (the “July package”), agreed on 31 July
2004, containing frameworks and other agreements designed to focus the negotiations and raise them to a new level:
Draft General Council Decision of 31 July 2004
1. The General Council reaffirms the Ministerial Declarations and Decisions adopted at Doha and the full commitment of
all Members to give effect to them. The Council emphasizes Members' resolve to complete the Doha Work Programme fully
and to conclude successfully the negotiations launched at Doha. Taking into account the Ministerial Statement adopted at
Cancún on 14 September 2003, and the statements by the Council Chairman and the Director-General at the Council meeting
of 15-16 December 2003, the Council takes note of the report by the Chairman of the Trade Negotiations Committee (TNC)
and agrees to take action as follows:
(a) Agriculture: the General Council adopts the framework set out in Annex A to this document.
(b) Cotton: the General Council reaffirms the importance of the Sectoral Initiative on Cotton and takes note of the
parameters set out in Annex A within which the trade-related aspects of this issue will be pursued in the agriculture
negotiations. The General Council also attaches importance to the development aspects of the Cotton Initiative and
wishes to stress the complementarity between the trade and development aspects. The Council takes note of the recent
Workshop on Cotton in Cotonou on 23-24 March 2004 organized by the WTO Secretariat, and other bilateral and multilateral
efforts to make progress on the development assistance aspects and instructs the Secretariat to continue to work with
the development community and to provide the Council with periodic reports on relevant developments.
Members should work on related issues of development multilaterally with the international financial institutions,
continue their bilateral programmes, and all developed countries are urged to participate. In this regard, the General
Council instructs the Director General to consult with the relevant international organizations, including the Bretton
Woods Institutions, the Food and Agriculture Organization and the International Trade Centre to direct effectively
existing programmes and any additional resources towards development of the economies where cotton has vital importance.
(c) Non-agricultural Market Access: the General Council adopts the framework set out in Annex B to this document.
(d) Development:
Principles: development concerns form an integral part of the Doha Ministerial Declaration. The General Council
rededicates and recommits Members to fulfilling the development dimension of the Doha Development Agenda, which places
the needs and interests of developing and least-developed countries at the heart of the Doha Work Programme. The Council
reiterates the important role that enhanced market access, balanced rules, and well targeted, sustainably financed
technical assistance and capacity building programmes can play in the economic development of these countries.
Special and Differential Treatment: the General Council reaffirms that provisions for special and differential (S) treatment are an integral part of the WTO Agreements. The Council recalls Ministers' decision in Doha to review all S treatment provisions with a view to strengthening them and making them more precise, effective and operational. The
Council recognizes the progress that has been made so far. The Council instructs the Committee on Trade and Development
in Special Session to expeditiously complete the review of all the outstanding Agreement-specific proposals and report
to the General Council, with clear recommendations for a decision, by July 2005. The Council further instructs the
Committee, within the parameters of the Doha mandate, to address all other outstanding work, including on the
cross-cutting issues, the monitoring mechanism and the incorporation of S treatment into the architecture of WTO rules, as referred to in TN/CTD/7 and report, as appropriate, to the General
Council.
The Council also instructs all WTO bodies to which proposals in Category II have been referred to expeditiously complete
the consideration of these proposals and report to the General Council, with clear recommendations for a decision, as
soon as possible and no later than July 2005. In doing so these bodies will ensure that, as far as possible, their
meetings do not overlap so as to enable full and effective participation of developing countries in these discussions.
Technical Assistance: the General Council recognizes the progress that has been made since the Doha Ministerial
Conference in expanding Trade-Related Technical Assistance (TRTA) to developing countries and low-income countries in
transition. In furthering this effort the Council affirms that such countries, and in particular least-developed
countries, should be provided with enhanced TRTA and capacity building, to increase their effective participation in the
negotiations, to facilitate their implementation of WTO rules, and to enable them to adjust and diversify their
economies. In this context the Council welcomes and further encourages the improved coordination with other agencies,
including under the Integrated Framework for TRTA for the LDCs (IF) and the Joint Integrated Technical Assistance
Programme (JITAP).
Implementation: concerning implementation-related issues, the General Council reaffirms the mandates Ministers gave in
paragraph 12 of the Doha Ministerial Declaration and the Doha Decision on Implementation-Related Issues and Concerns,
and renews Members' determination to find appropriate solutions to outstanding issues. The Council instructs the Trade
Negotiations Committee, negotiating bodies and other WTO bodies concerned to redouble their efforts to find appropriate
solutions as a priority. Without prejudice to the positions of Members, the Council requests the Director-General to
continue with his consultative process on all outstanding implementation issues under paragraph 12(b) of the Doha
Ministerial Declaration, including on issues related to the extension of the protection of geographical indications
provided for in Article 23 of the TRIPS Agreement to products other than wines and spirits, if need be by appointing
Chairpersons of concerned WTO bodies as his Friends and/or by holding dedicated consultations. The Director-General
shall report to the TNC and the General Council no later than May 2005. The Council shall review progress and take any
appropriate action no later than July 2005.
Other Development Issues: in the ongoing market access negotiations, recognising the fundamental principles of the WTO
and relevant provisions of GATT 1994, special attention shall be given to the specific trade and development related
needs and concerns of developing countries, including capacity constraints. These particular concerns of developing
countries, including relating to food security, rural development, livelihood, preferences, commodities and net food
imports, as well as prior unilateral liberalisation, should be taken into consideration, as appropriate, in the course
of the Agriculture and NAMA negotiations. The trade-related issues identified for the fuller integration of small,
vulnerable economies into the multilateral trading system, should also be addressed, without creating a sub-category of
Members, as part of a work programme, as mandated in paragraph 35 of the Doha Ministerial Declaration.
Least-Developed Countries: the General Council reaffirms the commitments made at Doha concerning least-developed
countries and renews its determination to fulfil these commitments. Members will continue to take due account of the
concerns of least-developed countries in the negotiations. The Council confirms that nothing in this Decision shall
detract in any way from the special provisions agreed by Members in respect of these countries.
(e) Services: the General Council takes note of the report to the TNC by the Special Session of the Council for Trade in
Services (2) and reaffirms Members' commitment to progress in this area of the negotiations in line with the Doha
mandate. The Council adopts the recommendations agreed by the Special Session, set out in Annex C to this document, on
the basis of which further progress in the services negotiations will be pursued. Revised offers should be tabled by May
2005.
(f) Other negotiating bodies:
Rules, Trade & Environment and TRIPS: the General Council takes note of the reports to the TNC by the Negotiating Group on Rules and
by the Special Sessions of the Committee on Trade and Environment and the TRIPS Council (3). The Council reaffirms
Members' commitment to progress in all of these areas of the negotiations in line with the Doha mandates.
Dispute Settlement: the General Council takes note of the report to the TNC by the Special Session of the Dispute
Settlement Body (4) and reaffirms Members' commitment to progress in this area of the negotiations in line with the Doha
mandate. The Council adopts the TNC's recommendation that work in the Special Session should continue on the basis set
out by the Chairman of that body in his report to the TNC.
(g) Trade Facilitation: taking note of the work done on trade facilitation by the Council for Trade in Goods under the
mandate in paragraph 27 of the Doha Ministerial Declaration and the work carried out under the auspices of the General
Council both prior to the Fifth Ministerial Conference and after its conclusion, the General Council decides by explicit
consensus to commence negotiations on the basis of the modalities set out in Annex D to this document.
Relationship between Trade and Investment, Interaction between Trade and Competition Policy and Transparency in
Government Procurement: the Council agrees that these issues, mentioned in the Doha Ministerial Declaration in
paragraphs 20-22, 23-25 and 26 respectively, will not form part of the Work Programme set out in that Declaration and
therefore no work towards negotiations on any of these issues will take place within the WTO during the Doha Round.
(h) Other elements of the Work Programme: the General Council reaffirms the high priority Ministers at Doha gave to
those elements of the Work Programme which do not involve negotiations. Noting that a number of these issues are of
particular interest to developing-country Members, the Council emphasizes its commitment to fulfil the mandates given by
Ministers in all these areas. To this end, the General Council and other relevant bodies shall report in line with their
Doha mandates to the Sixth Session of the Ministerial Conference. The moratoria covered by paragraph 11.1 of the Doha
Ministerial Decision on Implementation-related Issues and Concerns and paragraph 34 of the Doha Ministerial Declaration
are extended up to the Sixth Ministerial Conference.
2. The General Council agrees that this Decision and its Annexes shall not be used in any dispute settlement proceeding
under the DSU and shall not be used for interpreting the existing WTO Agreements.
3. The General Council calls on all Members to redouble their efforts towards the conclusion of a balanced overall
outcome of the Doha Development Agenda in fulfilment of the commitments Ministers took at Doha. The Council agrees to
continue the negotiations launched at Doha beyond the timeframe set out in paragraph 45 of the Doha Declaration, leading
to the Sixth Session of the Ministerial Conference. Recalling its decision of 21 October 2003 to accept the generous
offer of the Government of Hong Kong, China to host the Sixth Session, the Council further agrees that this Session will
be held in December 2005.
Annex A back to top
Framework for Establishing Modalities in Agriculture
1. The starting point for the current phase of the agriculture negotiations has been the mandate set out in Paragraph 13
of the Doha Ministerial Declaration. This in turn built on the long-term objective of the Agreement on Agriculture to
establish a fair and market-oriented trading system through a programme of fundamental reform. The elements below offer
the additional precision required at this stage of the negotiations and thus the basis for the negotiations of full
modalities in the next phase. The level of ambition set by the Doha mandate will continue to be the basis for the
negotiations on agriculture.
2. The final balance will be found only at the conclusion of these subsequent negotiations and within the Single
Undertaking. To achieve this balance, the modalities to be developed will need to incorporate operationally effective
and meaningful provisions for special and differential treatment for developing country Members. Agriculture is of
critical importance to the economic development of developing country Members and they must be able to pursue
agricultural policies that are supportive of their development goals, poverty reduction strategies, food security and
livelihood concerns. Non-trade concerns, as referred to in Paragraph 13 of the Doha Declaration, will be taken into
account.
3. The reforms in all three pillars form an interconnected whole and must be approached in a balanced and equitable
manner.
4. The General Council recognizes the importance of cotton for a certain number of countries and its vital importance
for developing countries, especially LDCs. It will be addressed ambitiously, expeditiously, and specifically, within the
agriculture negotiations. The provisions of this framework provide a basis for this approach, as does the sectoral
initiative on cotton. The Special Session of the Committee on Agriculture shall ensure appropriate prioritization of the
cotton issue independently from other sectoral initiatives. A subcommittee on cotton will meet periodically and report
to the Special Session of the Committee on Agriculture to review progress. Work shall encompass all trade-distorting
policies affecting the sector in all three pillars of market access, domestic support, and export competition, as
specified in the Doha text and this Framework text.
5. Coherence between trade and development aspects of the cotton issue will be pursued as set out in paragraph 1.b of
the text to which this Framework is annexed.
DOMESTIC SUPPORT
6. The Doha Ministerial Declaration calls for “substantial reductions in trade-distorting domestic support”. With a view
to achieving these substantial reductions, the negotiations in this pillar will ensure the following:
Special and differential treatment remains an integral component of domestic support. Modalities to be developed will
include longer implementation periods and lower reduction coefficients for all types of trade-distorting domestic
support and continued access to the provisions under Article 6.2.
There will be a strong element of harmonisation in the reductions made by developed Members. Specifically, higher levels
of permitted trade-distorting domestic support will be subject to deeper cuts.
Each such Member will make a substantial reduction in the overall level of its trade-distorting support from bound
levels.
As well as this overall commitment, Final Bound Total AMS and permitted de minimis levels will be subject to substantial
reductions and, in the case of the Blue Box, will be capped as specified in paragraph 15 in order to ensure results that
are coherent with the long-term reform objective. Any clarification or development of rules and conditions to govern
trade distorting support will take this into account.
Overall Reduction: A Tiered Formula
7. The overall base level of all trade-distorting domestic support, as measured by the Final Bound Total AMS plus
permitted de minimis level and the level agreed in paragraph 8 below for Blue Box payments, will be reduced according to
a tiered formula. Under this formula, Members having higher levels of trade-distorting domestic support will make
greater overall reductions in order to achieve a harmonizing result. As the first instalment of the overall cut, in the
first year and throughout the implementation period, the sum of all trade-distorting support will not exceed 80 per cent
of the sum of Final Bound Total AMS plus permitted de minimis plus the Blue Box at the level determined in paragraph 15.
8. The following parameters will guide the further negotiation of this tiered formula:
This commitment will apply as a minimum overall commitment. It will not be applied as a ceiling on reductions of overall
trade-distorting domestic support, should the separate and complementary formulae to be developed for Total AMS, de
minimis and Blue Box payments imply, when taken together, a deeper cut in overall trade-distorting domestic support for
an individual Member.
The base for measuring the Blue Box component will be the higher of existing Blue Box payments during a recent
representative period to be agreed and the cap established in paragraph 15 below.
Final Bound Total AMS: A Tiered Formula
9. To achieve reductions with a harmonizing effect:
Final Bound Total AMS will be reduced substantially, using a tiered approach.
Members having higher Total AMS will make greater reductions.
To prevent circumvention of the objective of the Agreement through transfers of unchanged domestic support between
different support categories, product-specific AMSs will be capped at their respective average levels according to a
methodology to be agreed.
Substantial reductions in Final Bound Total AMS will result in reductions of some product-specific support.
10. Members may make greater than formula reductions in order to achieve the required level of cut in overall
trade-distorting domestic support.
De Minimis
11. Reductions in de minimis will be negotiated taking into account the principle of special and differential treatment.
Developing countries that allocate almost all de minimis support for subsistence and resource-poor farmers will be
exempt.
12. Members may make greater than formula reductions in order to achieve the required level of cut in overall
trade-distorting domestic support.
Blue Box
13. Members recognize the role of the Blue Box in promoting agricultural reforms. In this light, Article 6.5 will be
reviewed so that Members may have recourse to the following measures:
Direct payments under production-limiting programmes if:
such payments are based on fixed and unchanging areas and yields; or
such payments are made on 85% or less of a fixed and unchanging base level of production; or
livestock payments are made on a fixed and unchanging number of head.
Or
Direct payments that do not require production if:
such payments are based on fixed and unchanging bases and yields; or
livestock payments made on a fixed and unchanging number of head; and
such payments are made on 85% or less of a fixed and unchanging base level of production.
14. The above criteria, along with additional criteria will be negotiated. Any such criteria will ensure that Blue Box
payments are less trade-distorting than AMS measures, it being understood that:
Any new criteria would need to take account of the balance of WTO rights and obligations.
Any new criteria to be agreed will not have the perverse effect of undoing ongoing reforms.
15. Blue Box support will not exceed 5% of a Member’s average total value of agricultural production during an
historical period. The historical period will be established in the negotiations. This ceiling will apply to any actual
or potential Blue Box user from the beginning of the implementation period. In cases where a Member has placed an
exceptionally large percentage of its trade-distorting support in the Blue Box, some flexibility will be provided on a
basis to be agreed to ensure that such a Member is not called upon to make a wholly disproportionate cut.
Green Box
16. Green Box criteria will be reviewed and clarified with a view to ensuring that Green Box measures have no, or at
most minimal, trade-distorting effects or effects on production. Such a review and clarification will need to ensure
that the basic concepts, principles and effectiveness of the Green Box remain and take due account of non-trade
concerns. The improved obligations for monitoring and surveillance of all new disciplines foreshadowed in paragraph 48
below will be particularly important with respect to the Green Box.
EXPORT COMPETITION
17. The Doha Ministerial Declaration calls for “reduction of, with a view to phasing out, all forms of export
subsidies”. As an outcome of the negotiations, Members agree to establish detailed modalities ensuring the parallel
elimination of all forms of export subsidies and disciplines on all export measures with equivalent effect by a credible
end date.
End Point
18. The following will be eliminated by the end date to be agreed:
Export subsidies as scheduled.
Export credits, export credit guarantees or insurance programmes with repayment periods beyond 180 days.
Terms and conditions relating to export credits, export credit guarantees or insurance programmes with repayment periods
of 180 days and below which are not in accordance with disciplines to be agreed. These disciplines will cover, inter
alia, payment of interest, minimum interest rates, minimum premium requirements, and other elements which can constitute
subsidies or otherwise distort trade.
Trade distorting practices with respect to exporting STEs including eliminating export subsidies provided to or by them,
government financing, and the underwriting of losses. The issue of the future use of monopoly powers will be subject to
further negotiation.
Provision of food aid that is not in conformity with operationally effective disciplines to be agreed. The objective of
such disciplines will be to prevent commercial displacement. The role of international organizations as regards the
provision of food aid by Members, including related humanitarian and developmental issues, will be addressed in the
negotiations. The question of providing food aid exclusively in fully grant form will also be addressed in the
negotiations.
19. Effective transparency provisions for paragraph 18 will be established. Such provisions, in accordance with standard
WTO practice, will be consistent with commercial confidentiality considerations.
Implementation
20. Commitments and disciplines in paragraph 18 will be implemented according to a schedule and modalities to be agreed.
Commitments will be implemented by annual instalments. Their phasing will take into account the need for some coherence
with internal reform steps of Members.
21. The negotiation of the elements in paragraph 18 and their implementation will ensure equivalent and parallel
commitments by Members.
Special and Differential Treatment
22. Developing country Members will benefit from longer implementation periods for the phasing out of all forms of
export subsidies.
23. Developing countries will continue to benefit from special and differential treatment under the provisions of
Article 9.4 of the Agreement on Agriculture for a reasonable period, to be negotiated, after the phasing out of all
forms of export subsidies and implementation of all disciplines identified above are completed.
24. Members will ensure that the disciplines on export credits, export credit guarantees or insurance programs to be
agreed will make appropriate provision for differential treatment in favour of least-developed and net food-importing
developing countries as provided for in paragraph 4 of the Decision on Measures Concerning the Possible Negative Effects
of the Reform Programme on Least-Developed and Net Food-Importing Developing Countries. Improved obligations for
monitoring and surveillance of all new disciplines as foreshadowed in paragraph 48 will be critically important in this
regard. Provisions to be agreed in this respect must not undermine the commitments undertaken by Members under the
obligations in paragraph 18 above.
25. STEs in developing country Members which enjoy special privileges to preserve domestic consumer price stability and
to ensure food security will receive special consideration for maintaining monopoly status.
Special Circumstances
26. In exceptional circumstances, which cannot be adequately covered by food aid, commercial export credits or
preferential international financing facilities, ad hoc temporary financing arrangements relating to exports to
developing countries may be agreed by Members. Such agreements must not have the effect of undermining commitments
undertaken by Members in paragraph 18 above, and will be based on criteria and consultation procedures to be
established.
MARKET ACCESS
27. The Doha Ministerial Declaration calls for “substantial improvements in market access”. Members also agreed that
special and differential treatment for developing Members would be an integral part of all elements in the negotiations.
The Single Approach: a Tiered Formula
28. To ensure that a single approach for developed and developing country Members meets all the objectives of the Doha
mandate, tariff reductions will be made through a tiered formula that takes into account their different tariff
structures.
29. To ensure that such a formula will lead to substantial trade expansion, the following principles will guide its
further negotiation:
Tariff reductions will be made from bound rates. Substantial overall tariff reductions will be achieved as a final
result from negotiations.
Each Member (other than LDCs) will make a contribution. Operationally effective special and differential provisions for
developing country Members will be an integral part of all elements.
Progressivity in tariff reductions will be achieved through deeper cuts in higher tariffs with flexibilities for
sensitive products. Substantial improvements in market access will be achieved for all products.
30. The number of bands, the thresholds for defining the bands and the type of tariff reduction in each band remain
under negotiation. The role of a tariff cap in a tiered formula with distinct treatment for sensitive products will be
further evaluated.
Sensitive Products
Selection
31. Without undermining the overall objective of the tiered approach, Members may designate an appropriate number, to be
negotiated, of tariff lines to be treated as sensitive, taking account of existing commitments for these products.
Treatment
32. The principle of ‘substantial improvement’ will apply to each product.
33. ‘Substantial improvement’ will be achieved through combinations of tariff quota commitments and tariff reductions
applying to each product. However, balance in this negotiation will be found only if the final negotiated result also
reflects the sensitivity of the product concerned.
34. Some MFN-based tariff quota expansion will be required for all such products. A base for such an expansion will be
established, taking account of coherent and equitable criteria to be developed in the negotiations. In order not to
undermine the objective of the tiered approach, for all such products, MFN based tariff quota expansion will be provided
under specific rules to be negotiated taking into account deviations from the tariff formula.
Other Elements
35. Other elements that will give the flexibility required to reach a final balanced result include reduction or
elimination of in-quota tariff rates, and operationally effective improvements in tariff quota administration for
existing tariff quotas so as to enable Members, and particularly developing country Members, to fully benefit from the
market access opportunities under tariff rate quotas.
36. Tariff escalation will be addressed through a formula to be agreed.
37. The issue of tariff simplification remains under negotiation.
38. The question of the special agricultural safeguard (SSG) remains under negotiation.
Special and differential treatment
39. Having regard to their rural development, food security and/or livelihood security needs, special and differential
treatment for developing countries will be an integral part of all elements of the negotiation, including the tariff
reduction formula, the number and treatment of sensitive products, expansion of tariff rate quotas, and implementation
period.
40. Proportionality will be achieved by requiring lesser tariff reduction commitments or tariff quota expansion
commitments from developing country Members.
41. Developing country Members will have the flexibility to designate an appropriate number of products as Special
Products, based on criteria of food security, livelihood security and rural development needs. These products will be
eligible for more flexible treatment. The criteria and treatment of these products will be further specified during the
negotiation phase and will recognize the fundamental importance of Special Products to developing countries.
42. A Special Safeguard Mechanism (SSM) will be established for use by developing country Members.
43. Full implementation of the long-standing commitment to achieve the fullest liberalisation of trade in tropical
agricultural products and for products of particular importance to the diversification of production from the growing of
illicit narcotic crops is overdue and will be addressed effectively in the market access negotiations.
44. The importance of long-standing preferences is fully recognised. The issue of preference erosion will be addressed.
For the further consideration in this regard, paragraph 16 and other relevant provisions of TN/AG/W/1/Rev.1 will be used
as a reference.
LEAST- DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
45. Least-Developed Countries, which will have full access to all special and differential treatment provisions above,
are not required to undertake reduction commitments. Developed Members, and developing country Members in a position to
do so, should provide duty-free and quota-free market access for products originating from least-developed countries.
46. Work on cotton under all the pillars will reflect the vital importance of this sector to certain LDC Members and we
will work to achieve ambitious results expeditiously.
RECENTLY ACCEDED MEMBERS
47. The particular concerns of recently acceded Members will be effectively addressed through specific flexibility
provisions.
MONITORING AND SURVEILLANCE
48. Article 18 of the Agreement on Agriculture will be amended with a view to enhancing monitoring so as to effectively
ensure full transparency, including through timely and complete notifications with respect to the commitments in market
access, domestic support and export competition. The particular concerns of developing countries in this regard will be
addressed.
OTHER ISSUES
49 Issues of interest but not agreed: sectoral initiatives, differential export taxes, GIs.
50. Disciplines on export prohibitions and restrictions in Article 12.1 of the Agreement on Agriculture will be
strengthened.
Annex B back to top
Framework for Establishing Modalities in Market Access for Non-Agricultural Products
1. This Framework contains the initial elements for future work on modalities by the Negotiating Group on Market Access.
Additional negotiations are required to reach agreement on the specifics of some of these elements. These relate to the
formula, the issues concerning the treatment of unbound tariffs in indent two of paragraph 5, the flexibilities for
developing-country participants, the issue of participation in the sectorial tariff component and the preferences. In
order to finalize the modalities, the Negotiating Group is instructed to address these issues expeditiously in a manner
consistent with the mandate of paragraph 16 of the Doha Ministerial Declaration and the overall balance therein.
2. We reaffirm that negotiations on market access for non-agricultural products shall aim to reduce or as appropriate
eliminate tariffs, including the reduction or elimination of tariff peaks, high tariffs, and tariff escalation, as well
as non-tariff barriers, in particular on products of export interest to developing countries. We also reaffirm the
importance of special and differential treatment and less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as integral
parts of the modalities.
3. We acknowledge the substantial work undertaken by the Negotiating Group on Market Access and the progress towards
achieving an agreement on negotiating modalities. We take note of the constructive dialogue on the Chair's Draft
Elements of Modalities (TN/MA/W/35/Rev.1) and confirm our intention to use this document as a reference for the future
work of the Negotiating Group. We instruct the Negotiating Group to continue its work, as mandated by paragraph 16 of
the Doha Ministerial Declaration with its corresponding references to the relevant provisions of Article XXVIII bis of
GATT 1994 and to the provisions cited in paragraph 50 of the Doha Ministerial Declaration, on the basis set out below.
4. We recognize that a formula approach is key to reducing tariffs, and reducing or eliminating tariff peaks, high
tariffs, and tariff escalation. We agree that the Negotiating Group should continue its work on a non-linear formula
applied on a line-by-line basis which shall take fully into account the special needs and interests of developing and
least-developed country participants, including through less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments.
5. We further agree on the following elements regarding the formula:
product coverage shall be comprehensive without a priori exclusions;
tariff reductions or elimination shall commence from the bound rates after full implementation of current concessions;
however, for unbound tariff lines, the basis for commencing the tariff reductions shall be [two] times the MFN applied
rate in the base year;
the base year for MFN applied tariff rates shall be 2001 (applicable rates on 14 November);
credit shall be given for autonomous liberalization by developing countries provided that the tariff lines were bound on
an MFN basis in the WTO since the conclusion of the Uruguay Round;
all non-ad valorem duties shall be converted to ad valorem equivalents on the basis of a methodology to be determined
and bound in ad valorem terms;
negotiations shall commence on the basis of the HS96 or HS2002 nomenclature, with the results of the negotiations to be
finalized in HS2002 nomenclature;
the reference period for import data shall be 1999-2001.
6. We furthermore agree that, as an exception, participants with a binding coverage of non-agricultural tariff lines of
less than [35] percent would be exempt from making tariff reductions through the formula. Instead, we expect them to
bind [100] percent of non-agricultural tariff lines at an average level that does not exceed the overall average of
bound tariffs for all developing countries after full implementation of current concessions.
7. We recognize that a sectorial tariff component, aiming at elimination or harmonization is another key element to
achieving the objectives of paragraph 16 of the Doha Ministerial Declaration with regard to the reduction or elimination
of tariffs, in particular on products of export interest to developing countries. We recognize that participation by all
participants will be important to that effect. We therefore instruct the Negotiating Group to pursue its discussions on
such a component, with a view to defining product coverage, participation, and adequate provisions of flexibility for
developing-country participants.
8. We agree that developing-country participants shall have longer implementation periods for tariff reductions. In
addition, they shall be given the following flexibility:
a) applying less than formula cuts to up to [10] percent of the tariff lines provided that the cuts are no less than
half the formula cuts and that these tariff lines do not exceed [10] percent of the total value of a Member's imports;
or
b) keeping, as an exception, tariff lines unbound, or not applying formula cuts for up to [5] percent of tariff lines
provided they do not exceed [5] percent of the total value of a Member's imports.
We furthermore agree that this flexibility could not be used to exclude entire HS Chapters.
9. We agree that least-developed country participants shall not be required to apply the formula nor participate in the
sectorial approach, however, as part of their contribution to this round of negotiations, they are expected to
substantially increase their level of binding commitments.
10. Furthermore, in recognition of the need to enhance the integration of least-developed countries into the
multilateral trading system and support the diversification of their production and export base, we call upon
developed-country participants and other participants who so decide, to grant on an autonomous basis duty-free and
quota-free market access for non-agricultural products originating from least-developed countries by the year […].
11. We recognize that newly acceded Members shall have recourse to special provisions for tariff reductions in order to
take into account their extensive market access commitments undertaken as part of their accession and that staged tariff
reductions are still being implemented in many cases. We instruct the Negotiating Group to further elaborate on such
provisions.
12. We agree that pending agreement on core modalities for tariffs, the possibilities of supplementary modalities such
as zero-for-zero sector elimination, sectorial harmonization, and request & offer, should be kept open.
13. In addition, we ask developed-country participants and other participants who so decide to consider the elimination
of low duties.
14. We recognize that NTBs are an integral and equally important part of these negotiations and instruct participants to
intensify their work on NTBs. In particular, we encourage all participants to make notifications on NTBs by 31 October
2004 and to proceed with identification, examination, categorization, and ultimately negotiations on NTBs. We take note
that the modalities for addressing NTBs in these negotiations could include request/offer, horizontal, or vertical
approaches; and should fully take into account the principle of special and differential treatment for developing and
least-developed country participants.
15. We recognize that appropriate studies and capacity building measures shall be an integral part of the modalities to
be agreed. We also recognize the work that has already been undertaken in these areas and ask participants to continue
to identify such issues to improve participation in the negotiations.
16. We recognize the challenges that may be faced by non-reciprocal preference beneficiary Members and those Members
that are at present highly dependent on tariff revenue as a result of these negotiations on non-agricultural products.
We instruct the Negotiating Group to take into consideration, in the course of its work, the particular needs that may
arise for the Members concerned.
17. We furthermore encourage the Negotiating Group to work closely with the Committee on Trade and Environment in
Special Session with a view to addressing the issue of non-agricultural environmental goods covered in paragraph 31
(iii) of the Doha Ministerial Declaration.
Annex C back to top
Recommendations of the Special Session of the Council for Trade in Services
(a) Members who have not yet submitted their initial offers must do so as soon as possible.
(b) A date for the submission of a round of revised offers should be established as soon as feasible.
(c) With a view to providing effective market access to all Members and in order to ensure a substantive outcome,
Members shall strive to ensure a high quality of offers, particularly in sectors and modes of supply of export interest
to developing countries, with special attention to be given to least-developed countries.
(d) Members shall aim to achieve progressively higher levels of liberalization with no a priori exclusion of any service
sector or mode of supply and shall give special attention to sectors and modes of supply of export interest to
developing countries. Members note the interest of developing countries, as well as other Members, in Mode 4.
(e) Members must intensify their efforts to conclude the negotiations on rule-making under GATS Articles VI:4, X, XIII
and XV in accordance with their respective mandates and deadlines.
(f) Targeted technical assistance should be provided with a view to enabling developing countries to participate
effectively in the negotiations.
(g) For the purpose of the Sixth Ministerial meeting, the Special Session of the Council for Trade in Services shall
review progress in these negotiations and provide a full report to the Trade Negotiations Committee, including possible
recommendations.
Annex D back to top
Modalities for Negotiations on Trade Facilitation
1. Negotiations shall aim to clarify and improve relevant aspects of Articles V, VIII and X of the GATT 1994 with a view
to further expediting the movement, release and clearance of goods, including goods in transit (5). Negotiations shall
also aim at enhancing technical assistance and support for capacity building in this area. The negotiations shall
further aim at provisions for effective cooperation between customs or any other appropriate authorities on trade
facilitation and customs compliance issues.
2. The results of the negotiations shall take fully into account the principle of special and differential treatment for
developing and least-developed countries. Members recognize that this principle should extend beyond the granting of
traditional transition periods for implementing commitments. In particular, the extent and the timing of entering into
commitments shall be related to the implementation capacities of developing and least-developed Members. It is further
agreed that those Members would not be obliged to undertake investments in infrastructure projects beyond their means.
3. Least-developed country Members will only be required to undertake commitments to the extent consistent with their
individual development, financial and trade needs or their administrative and institutional capabilities.
4. As an integral part of the negotiations, Members shall seek to identify their trade facilitation needs and
priorities, particularly those of developing and least-developed countries, and shall also address the concerns of
developing and least-developed countries related to cost implications of proposed measures.
5. It is recognized that the provision of technical assistance and support for capacity building is vital for developing
and least-developed countries to enable them to fully participate in and benefit from the negotiations. Members, in
particular developed countries, therefore commit themselves to adequately ensure such support and assistance during the
negotiations (6).
6. Support and assistance should also be provided to help developing and least-developed countries implement the
commitments resulting from the negotiations, in accordance with their nature and scope. In this context, it is
recognized that negotiations could lead to certain commitments whose implementation would require support for
infrastructure development on the part of some Members. In these limited cases, developed-country Members will make
every effort to ensure support and assistance directly related to the nature and scope of the commitments in order to
allow implementation. It is understood, however, that in cases where required support and assistance for such
infrastructure is not forthcoming, and where a developing or least-developed Member continues to lack the necessary
capacity, implementation will not be required. While every effort will be made to ensure the necessary support and
assistance, it is understood that the commitments by developed countries to provide such support are not open-ended.
7. Members agree to review the effectiveness of the support and assistance provided and its ability to support the
implementation of the results of the negotiations.
8. In order to make technical assistance and capacity building more effective and operational and to ensure better
coherence, Members shall invite relevant international organizations, including the IMF, OECD, UNCTAD, WCO and the World
Bank to undertake a collaborative effort in this regard.
9. Due account shall be taken of the relevant work of the WCO and other relevant international organizations in this
area.
10. Paragraphs 45-51 of the Doha Ministerial Declaration shall apply to these negotiations. At its first meeting after
the July session of the General Council, the Trade Negotiations Committee shall establish a Negotiating Group on Trade
Facilitation and appoint its Chair. The first meeting of the Negotiating Group shall agree on a work plan and schedule
of meetings.