El Salvador: Unconstitutional law should be repealed and new approaches to public security considered
Amnesty International calls on the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador to annul current legislation and abandon any
attempt to pass further Anti-Maras legislation that contravenes the Constitution and international human rights
standards.
"It is particularly worrying that the law penalised members of 'maras' or gangs simply on the basis of their appearance
and social background. The text directly referred to tattoos and identity symbols typically used by these groups," said
Amnesty International. "A further major concern is the fact that under the legislation minors are treated as adults in
the judicial process."
Amnesty International supports the ruling of the Supreme Court which stressed that it is unnecessary to have special
legislation to deal with the activities of 'maras' since appropriate judicial instruments already exist - in the Penal
Code - for judges to punish behaviour which amount to criminal activity.
"The Legislative Assembly should not ignore the Court's decision and should repeal the law currently in place", Amnesty
International said.
"It is very likely that any new proposal for a permanent law will differ much, if at all, from the previous laws and
that, even if the wording were different, the concepts and substance of the new permanent proposal would remain the same
as those declared unconstitutional."
"We call on the government to use the already available judicial instruments contained in the Penal Code and other
legislation to punish criminal activity; and to consider proposals from civil society organizations and work with them
to find solutions to the serious problems of public security", Amnesty International said.
Background
The Anti-Maras Act (AMA) was approved in October 2003 for a period of six months.
On 1 April 2004 the Constitutional Division of the Supreme Court of Justice of El Salvador found all the articles in the
Anti-Maras Act to be in breach of the constitution because they violated basic principles of equality before the law.
The court found that the Act presumed that individuals would engage in criminal activity, based on personal or social
circumstances and not on whether they actually committed a crime. Furthermore, the court found that by providing the
possibility for a child to be prosecuted as an adult the Act put children in an unfavourable situation, as well as
breaching the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
The United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child recently considered the AMA to be in breach of the Convention on
the Rights of the Child and said that the authorities of El Salvador should suspend its application.
A proposal submitted to El Salvador's Legislative Assembly to make the legislation permanent was rejected in April and
only approved as a temporary measure lasting until July.
El Salvador in the Annual Report 2004: http://amnesty-news.c.topica.com/maacl2gaa7F0obb0hPub/