Number of Hungry People Increased in 1990s, U.N. Reports
Food agency says trend must be reversed to meet 2015 goal
The number of hungry people in the world increased in the second half of the 1990s, reversing a decrease in world hunger
during the first half of the decade, the United Nations reports.
In a November 25 press release, the U.N. Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) said that unless the number of people
experiencing chronic hunger is reduced by 26 million a year, the international agreed goal of significantly reducing
hunger by 2015 cannot be achieved. The goal was adopted at the 2002 World Food Summit in Rome. Twenty-six million people
is 12 times the number of people lifted from chronic hunger during the 1990s, the FAO said.
The agency's recently released report, "The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2003," says 842 million people were
undernourished in 1999-2001, the latest period for which statistics were available, according to the release.
Only 19 countries, FAO said, reduced the number of undernourished throughout the 1990s while in 26 countries the number
of hungry people increased. Hunger went down in 22 countries during the second half of the 1990s, it said.
The release said hunger persists in countries that have frequent food emergencies, such as famines, and high rates of
HIV/AIDS.
It said trade and improved farm productivity in poor countries can have a major impact on reducing world hunger.
To help guide countries in their efforts to reduce hunger, FAO has proposed an Anti-Hunger Program. The program would
join governments, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and the private sector to "mobilize the political will, technical
expertise and financial resources to reduce the number of hungry people by at least half by 2015," according to Hartwig
de Haen, a FAO assistant director-general.
Following is the text of FAO's press release:
UN FAO LAUNCHES WORLD HUNGER REPORT
ON THE EVE OF THANKSGIVING DAY HOLIDAY
Though Some Countries Have Reduced Hunger,
Latest FAO Report Shows a Setback in the War Against Hunger
25 November 2003, Washington, DC -- Hunger is on the rise again after falling steadily during the first half of the
1990s, according to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization's (FAO) annual hunger report.
"FAO's latest estimates signal a setback in the war against hunger," says "The State of Food Insecurity in the World
2003" (SOFI 2003). Given the rate at which hunger has declined since 1990 on average, the World Food Summit goal of
reducing the number of undernourished people by half by 2015 cannot be reached.
After reducing the number of hungry people in developing countries by 37 million during the first half of the 1990s,
that number increased by 18 million in the second half of the decade.
According to Hartwig de Haen, FAO Assistant Director-General, Economic and Social Department, "The goal can only be
reached if the recent trend of increasing numbers is reversed. The annual reductions must be accelerated to 26 million
per year, more than 12 times the pace of 2.1 million per year achieved during the 1990s."
Each year SOFI assesses the state of hunger in the world and looks at how much progress is being made in reducing
hunger. The publication also highlights where countries stand in their battle to defeat hunger and looks at what methods
are producing success stories and what problems are preventing success in other regions and countries.
Worldwide, FAO estimates that 842 million people were undernourished in 1999-2001, the most recent years for which
figures are available. This includes 10 million in the industrialized countries, 34 million in countries in transition
and 798 million in developing countries.
Regionally, only Latin American and the Caribbean had a decline in the number of hungry since the mid-1990s.
Only 19 countries, including China, succeeded in reducing the number of undernourished throughout the 1990s, says the
report. "In these successful countries, the total number of hungry people fell by over 80 million." At the other end of
the scale are 26 countries where the number of undernourished people increased by 60 million during the same period,
including countries in transition where those suffering from hunger climbed from 25 million in the mid-1990s to 34
million at the turn of the century.
Twenty-two countries, including Bangladesh, Haiti and Mozambique, succeeded in turning the tide against hunger. In these
countries, "the number of undernourished declined during the second half of the decade after rising through the first
five years," the report said. "In 17 other countries, however, the trend shifted in the opposite direction and the
number of undernourished people, which had been falling, began to rise. This group includes a number of countries with
large populations, among them India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan and Sudan."
According to the report, several countries in Central and West Africa have seen their numbers of hungry people rise due
to conflict.
In a number of successful countries, including China, progress slowed after dramatic gains in reducing hunger had been
made in the early 1990s. Having reduced chronic undernourishment to moderate or low levels, the report says, "these
countries can no longer be expected to propel progress for the developing world."
According to Mr. de Haen, "The SOFI project has provided us with many insights about hunger. Through SOFI we are
learning more everyday about what works to reduce hunger and what causes increased numbers of people to suffering from
undernourishment. We are now in a position to make very specific recommendations that countries can follow to alleviate
hunger and malnutrition sustainably."
According to the report, preliminary analysis suggests that countries with significantly higher economic and
agricultural growth had the most success in reducing hunger. Other factors that contributed to success include lower
population growth and higher levels of economic and social development. Those countries with high prevalence of
chronically hungry people are also afflicted by frequent food emergencies and high rates of HIV/AIDs.
In fact, the report says, the southern African food crisis of 2002-2003 showed that "hunger cannot be combated
effectively in regions ravaged by AIDS, unless interventions address the particular needs of AIDS-affected households
and incorporate measures both to prevent and to mitigate the spread of HIV/AIDS."
Some 60 to 70 percent of farms have suffered labor losses as a result of HIV/AIDS and lacking the labor, resources and
know-how to grow staple and commercial crops, many households are now cultivating survival foods. Others have abandoned
their fields entirely.
SOFI 2003 also looks at the impact of water on food security and hunger, calling drought "the single most common cause
of severe food shortages in developing countries." Africa stands as a stark example of this, being both the driest
continent in the developing world and the continent with the most prevalent hunger.
FAO reports that achieving food security in countries where water is scarce and the environment is fragile may rely on
what is known as "virtual water," through the import of food from countries with an abundance of water. For example, FAO
calculates that to grow the amount of food imported by Near Eastern countries in 1994 it would have taken as much water
as the total annual flow of the Nile at Aswan. In such conditions, says FAO, "it may make sense to import food and use
limited water resources for other purposes, including growing high value crops for export."
SOFI 2003 also includes a 6-page special feature: "Trade and food security: the importance of agriculture and
agricultural trade in developing countries."
"International trade can have a major impact on reducing hunger and poverty in developing countries," says FAO. "Overall
countries that are more involved in trade tend to enjoy higher rates of economic growth."
Agriculture and agricultural trade play a particularly important role in both the national economies and the food
security of developing countries. "Countries where more than 15 percent of the population goes hungry spend more than
twice as much of their export earnings to import food as more food-secure countries," according to the report.
"But," says FAO, "their poverty and limited trading activities constrict both their export earnings and their ability to
buy more food on international markets."
The report details successful hunger reduction programs in Brazil, Panama, Kenya and Viet Nam. It also urges the wider
adoption and support of the global Anti-Hunger Program that FAO has proposed recently.
The Anti-Hunger Program outlines a twin-track approach that advocates a combination of measures that increase the
agricultural productivity in poorer rural communities with action to give hungry people immediate access to the food
they need.
The FAO proposed Anti-Hunger Program sets out priorities and budgets for action in five areas: Improving agricultural
productivity in poor rural communities; developing and conserving natural resources; expanding rural infrastructure and
market access; strengthening capacity for knowledge generation and dissemination; and, ensuring access to food for the
most needy.
"Ultimately," said Mr. de Haen, "success in reducing hunger will depend on mustering the political will to engage in
policy reforms and invest resources where they can do the most good for the poor and hungry.
"That's why," said Mr. de Haen, "FAO has endorsed proposals to build an international Alliance against Hunger. An
alliance that would start at sub-national and national levels bringing together governments, civil society
organizations, the private sector and concerned individuals to mobilize the political will, technical expertise and
financial resources needed to reduce the number of hungry people by at least half by 2015.