Physicians for Human Rights-Israel
Imprisoned Until Further Notice Joint Expedition of the World Health Organization, UN Agencies, and Human Rights
Organizations Points to Severe Impact of Closures on Health, Sanitary Conditions and Environment in Two Villages East of
Nablus
Location: Deir Al Hatab and Salem, eastern outskirts of Nablus,
Participating organizations: World Health Organization (WHO), Health Inforum, OCHA (UN Office for Coordination of
Humanitarian Affairs), UNFPA (UN Population Fund), UNICEF (UN Children Fund), UNRWA (UN Relief and Works Agency),
Physicians for Human Rights-Israel, MachsomWatch Testimonies provided by: Dr. Ahmad Barkat of the Ministry of Health
clinic, newly opened in March 2003 at Deir Al Hatab; Dr. Ibrahim Mubarak of the Union of Health Work Committees clinic
at Salem; Patients who were mistreated while trying to access medical care and residents whose relatives had lost their
lives due to restrictions on movement; local residents who described the state of the water supply and indicated the
obstacles placed around the villages.
Access to Health Services at Nablus:
October 2002-March 2003 The three villages Deir Al Hatab, Azmut and Salem are on the eastern outskirts of Nablus, some
5-7 kilometers from the city center.
Since the last quarter of 2002 two deep trenches were dug by the Israeli army around the three villages totally
preventing access of both pedestrians and vehicles to Nablus or to manned army checkpoints leading to the city. A
petition was submitted to the Israeli High Court of Justice (by Physicians for Human Rights-Israel and the Association
for Civil Rights in Israel) demanding that access be ensured for residents.
One primary healthcare clinic existed in Salem, to serve all three villages, manned by one general doctor and two
nurses. Secondary and tertiary care, available only in Nablus, was virtually denied due to these restrictions.
March 2003-July 2003 In the course of April part of one trench was repaired, and later replaced by an iron gate at the
Azmout Junction, monitored by soldiers at all times. In July, a dirt track was opened to the south of the villages,
leading to Beit Fouriq checkpoint - a fully staffed army checkpoint which also monitors passage between Nablus and the
villages of Beit Fouriq and Beit Dajjan.
Access via checkpoint: At Azmout Junction sporadic passage of merchandise is possible, but passage of residents into
Nablus is denied and they are diverted to Beit Fouriq checkpoint. Beit Fouriq checkpoint is heavily monitored by
soldiers, and overloaded at all times by residents requesting passage in both directions.
Vehicular passage is forbidden, and vehicles, including ambulances, perform back-to-back unloading. In exceptional cases
ambulances are permitted passage, but prior coordination is necessary.
Pedestrian passage: all women, and males under 15 years or over 35 years are permitted passage provided they present
documentation to justify their passage to the soldiers' satisfaction. Males aged 15-35 are not permitted passage, since
army regulations now demand that they procure a permit from the Israeli District Coordination Office (DCO) at Hawwara.
Since Hawarra is inaccessible to the residents, such permits are not issued. During our visit, some 50 pedestrians were
waiting for several hours in the sun, in 35 degrees centigrade, with no protection, for soldiers to interrogate them and
decide whether or not to permit their passage into the villages.
Residents attempting to bypass the checkpoint through the fields are in danger of being shot. Dr. Barkat mentioned one
resident who was shot in the hand last week while trying to cross over from Salem.
In March, due to the ongoing restrictions of movement, the clinic at Deir Al Hatab was opened by the Ministry of
Health, in order to provide primary health care and follow-up for chronic patients unable to access Nablus.
Sample Cases: January 8 2003. At 7pm, Azzam Azzam, a pharmacist from Deir al Hatab, had symptoms of a myocardial
infarction (heart attack). He called the local doctor, who immediately ordered an ambulance. In the meanwhile he took
him in his own car up to the trench dividing the village from the access road to Nablus. The trench was overflowing with
sewage and rain and was impassable. Soldiers stationed there refused to allow them to exit the car until the ambulance
arrived, and threatened to shoot them.
The ambulance arrived only 2 hours later, at 9pm, due to delays at other checkpoints. the doctor and other relatives
attempted to find a way of carrying the patient across the trench to the ambulance, but failed. The ambulance driver
finally succeeded in crossing the trench on foot, at 10pm, but by then the patient had died.
February 26 2003. S.A., from Salem, was nine months pregnant when she felt her first contractions. She set out in her
uncle's car to attempt to reach Rafidya hospital in Nablus. When they reached the trench at Azmut junction they saw it
was full of water. They tried to use a tractor in order to cross the trench but it almost overturned.
They then tried to place a ladder across the trench and to crawl over it, but failed. In the end she walked across the
fields, up to her hips in mud. It took her close to four hours to reach the road and find a car to take her into Nablus.
On their way they were delayed many times at different checkpoints. In was cold and raining. Altogether it took her 8
hours until she reached the hospital, usually just a ten-minute drive away. Her son was born safely in the hospital.
May 2003. G.D. from Deir al Hatab had a miscarriage and began hemorrhaging badly. She attempted to cross Azmout
checkpoint but was delayed for several hours, despite the fact that an ambulance was waiting for her on the other side.
When her passage was finally permitted, she had lost large amounts of blood, and her recovery at the hospital took
several months.
May 2003. D.A., an 80-year-old woman from Salem attempted to return from Nablus to her home accompanied by two young
men. While they were trying to cross Azmout junction, they saw soldiers coming towards them. The men escaped, and since
then no trace of the woman was to be found. She was searched for in all regions except for that immediately adjacent to
the junction, due to the constant prohibition by soldiers. Only 35 days later the remains of her body were found, mauled
and eaten by stray dogs.
Sanitary Conditions and Environment:
There is no garbage disposal site within the precincts of the three villages, since in the past waste was dumped on the
outskirts of Nablus. For this reason large accumulations of waste were recorded during the visit, and large numbers of
insects, pests, and rats were reported as well as unpleasant odors.
Moreover, large packs of stray dogs were seen roaming both among the garbage and freely in the fields. The dogs are not
vaccinated or supervised and pose a health hazard, as well as direct physical danger to the residents.
The trench, although dry during the dry season, was not cleaned after being flooded by sewage and rain during the rainy
season, and may be expected to be once again filled with polluted water when the rains begin - posing a severe sanitary
hazard, and a nesting ground for insects and bacteria. According to Dr. Barkat, a sharp increase in Hepatitis A was
recorded in the second half of 2002 as a result of sanitary conditions.
Water: residents testified that the water supply to the residents of Salem living on higher altitudes was stopped by the
Israeli national water company , Mekorot, each year for the past 3 years, in the summer months (May to September), and
diverted to the nearby settlement of Elon Moreh. Residents are obliged to buy water or subsist from rain reservoirs -
finite and sometimes undrinkable sources.
Conclusion: The expedition confirmed our suspicions that the impact of the recent opening of an access route to the
staffed army checkpoint at Beit Fouriq is superficial and has not brought about a significant improvement in access of
residents to healthcare and other daily needs in Nablus.
Access to health is still severely curtailed. We note at this opportunity that these restrictions are implemented, not
on passage into Israel, but on passage from three small neighborhoods on the outskirts of Nablus, into the city on which
they depend for most essential services. In effect, the residents of these villages are imprisoned in their homes. We
request that daily routine access of residents be ensured, and that restrictions on access to health be lifted.
Moreover, we warn that the impact of the environmental situation in this region may pose a severe health hazard over a
widespread area if not addressed immediately.
Physicians for Human Rights-Israel (PHR-Israel) is a non-partisan, non-profit organization founded in 1988 and currently
comprising some 800 members, with the aim of striving to promote medical human rights in Israel and in the territories
under Israel's effective control.
The basic values of PHR-Israel are human dignity, protection of bodily and mental integrity, and promotion of the right
to health and medical care.
Tel: 972 3 6873718 Fax: 972 3 687 3029 E-mail: mailto:mail@phr.org.il http://www.phr.org.il/