The Sunshine Project
News Release
8 May 2003
US Army Patents Biological Weapons Delivery System,
Violates Bioweapons Convention
Austin and Hamburg (8 May 2003) - The United States Army has developed and patented a new grenade that it says can be
used to wage biowarfare. This is in violation of the Biological Weapons Convention, which explicitly prohibits
development of bioweapons delivery devices.
US Patent #6,523,478, granted on February 25th 2003, covers a "rifle launched non lethal cargo dispenser" that is designed to deliver
aerosols, including – according to the patent’s claims - “crowd control agents, biological agents, [and] chemical
agents...”
The development of biological weapons delivery devices is absolutely prohibited - “in any circumstance” - by Article I
of the 1972 Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, to which the US is a party. There is no exemption from this
prohibition, neither for defensive purposes nor for so called non-lethal agents.
“The development of weapons for biological payloads produces great uncertainty about the US commitment to the Biological
Weapons Convention.” says Edward Hammond of the Sunshine Project US, “Thirty four years after the US renunciation of
biological weapons, the Pentagon is back in the bioweapons business.”
"Hans Blix might have an easier time finding illegal weapons if he were inspecting near Baltimore instead of Baghdad,"
says biologist Jan van Aken from the Sunshine Project Germany, referring to the fact that two of the inventors work at
the Army’s Edgewood Arsenal north of Baltimore, Maryland. Other inventors work at an engineering firm in Orlando,
Florida, where the US Special Forces operate from MacDill Air Force Base.
This grenade is yet another indication of prohibited biological and chemical weapons development projects in the US. It
stands in a row with an illegal chemical weapons program focusing on so called non-lethal agents (see below), uncovered
last September by the Sunshine Project, with research activities on material degrading microorganisms by the US armed
forces (see below), and with a range of questionable biodefense activities that may well suit offensive purposes (see
New York Times, 4 September 2001).
Slides: "Rifle Launched Non-Lethal Cargo Dispenser"
Eroding Prohibition: So-called non-lethal weapons are blurring the lines between permissable and illegal weapons
research. The Army says the new grenade is for the dispersal of “non-lethal” agents. Claims are the legally crucial and
most carefully crafted part of a patent. The Army is fully aware of its obligations under the BWC, yet a new bioweapons
device was patented. This underscores why "non-lethal" weapons pose such a serious threat. The Pentagon now considers
bioweapons work that has been off limits for three decades to be acceptable - if the word “non-lethal” is appended. But
not only do many 'non lethal' agents violate treaties themselves, it is worse: US "non-lethal" research is creating and
testing hardware that can deliver the full spectrum of biological and chemical weapons.
Pre-emptive Diplomacy: US diplomatic-military policy coordination on “non-lethal” weapons can be seen in its firm
resistance to efforts to place the subject on the international arms control agenda. In September 2002, US diplomats
vetoed the Sunshine Project’s accreditation to a Chemical Weapons Convention meeting because the Project wanted to
discuss “non-lethal” chemical (and biological) weapons. Last week, US diplomats again pre-empted discussion of
“non-lethal” weapons, when they blocked the International Committee of the Red Cross from making a speech at the
Chemical Weapons Convention Review Conference.
“This grenade is another example of how the Pentagon's so called 'non lethal' weapons programs are consistently chipping
away at restrictions on two of the most deadly kinds of arms, biological and chemical weapons. Programs that develop so
called non-lethal chemical and biological weapons should simply be abolished,” says Hammond.
Links to items mentioned in this release: