Bush Administration Poised To Trade Away Iowa Laws
At WTO Negotiating Table In Geneva
Bush Administration Plans March 31 Response to EU Demands to Open U.S. Water and Energy Systems, Postal Services and
More to Foreign Ownership and Limit State Regulations
WASHINGTON, D.C. - Without approval by Iowa's legislature or Gov. Tom Vilsack, the Bush administration plans to submit
offers next week at the World Trade Organization (WTO) that could require the state to open public services to foreign,
for-profit ownership and strictly curtail state regulation of banking, insurance, electricity, water systems,
transportation, alcohol distribution and professional services including those provided by doctors, lawyers and
accountants.
States would be required to conform their policies to global rules established as part of negotiations occurring under
the WTO's General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). The threat to numerous state laws and policies was revealed
only weeks ago when the European Union's (EU) demands of the U.S. were leaked from secretive talks being held at the
WTO's Geneva headquarters.
"With the public, press and elected officials all focused on the war, the Bush administration is poised to effect a
silent, slow-motion coup d'etat on democratic governance in the United States," said Lori Wallach, director of Public
Citizen's Global Trade Watch. "These so-called trade negotiations could rewrite wide swaths of local law without the
vote of state legislatures or the knowledge of state attorneys general or governors."
The leaked documents showed that a stunning scope of domestic policies that citizens expect to be set by their federal,
state and local officials are poised to be eliminated in global negotiations pushed by giant, multinational service
sector corporations such as Andersen, Halliburton and RWE/Thames Water. The policies include the privatization and
deregulation of public energy and water utilities, postal services, higher education and alcohol distribution systems;
the right of foreign firms to obtain U.S. government small business loans; and deregulation of private-sector industries
such as insurance, banking, mutual funds and securities.
The EU also requested the elimination of Iowa's alcohol control distribution system, which generated more than $60
million for the state with nearly $3 million earmarked for Iowa cities and counties. Alcohol was a $110 million business
in the state in 2001. Seventeen other states with alcohol control systems generate combined annual revenue of more than
$1 billion from their state-owned wholesale and retail outlets.
"The 21st Amendment not only provided for the repeal of national prohibition, but it also provided each state the right
to choose how alcohol would be regulated within the state," said Jim Sgueo, executive director of the National Alcohol
Beverage Control Association (NABCA). "Should the United States agree to the EU's request that the control state systems
be dissolved, it would undermine the Constitution of the United States and the states' rights provided by it."
In addition, the EU requests the elimination of Iowa laws in accounting, auditing and bookkeeping and the removal of
in-state residency requirements in engineering services.
In a letter sent last month to Iowa Attorney General Tom Miller, Public Citizen wrote, "State and local regulatory
authority could be curtailed profoundly and the Constitutional balances of federalism irreversibly biased if states do
not act now to protect their interests during these ongoing negotiations."
In the past, including when the WTO was formed, U.S. trade negotiators made binding commitments regarding state and
local regulatory authority without formally consulting state legislatures and other local officials. The national
consumer group Public Citizen and civil society groups worldwide have called for a moratorium on the GATS talks and a
public process involving state and local officials.
Areas in which the EU's demands would impact laws in all U.S. states include:
- Professional services, including legal, accounting, auditing and bookkeeping, as well as architectural services, urban
planning, integrated engineering and engineering;
- Business services, including research and development, as well as real estate, rental and leasing, security services,
printing and publishing;
- Distribution services, including alcohol, tobacco and food;
- Private higher education services;
- Environmental services, including drinking water, wastewater and waste management;
- Energy services, and electricity wholesale and retail;
- Financial services, including insurance, banking and mutual funds;
- Tourism and travel-related services, including concessions in national and state parks;
- Transportation services;
- Telecommunications;
- Construction.
In these sectors, the EU is asking the United States to remove existing regulation of services by eliminating state
insurance chartering, lifting rules regulating legal practice, or removing certain banking regulations - and/or
requesting "market access" in one or more of the four "modes" of GATS. These include the right to set-up an operation or
commercial presence in the United States, the right to provide cross-border services (for instance, online mutual
funds), the right to send service workers into the United States to perform a service contract made with a foreign
company, and the right to sell services to U.S. citizens abroad. Once market access is granted, all levels of government
- city, county, state and federal - are forbidden from limiting the number of service providers in these areas and also
must provide certain treatment to foreign service providers.
For a background memo on the GATS and how it operates, and to see the EU GATS demands, go to: http://www.citizen.org/trade/wto/gats/#108
Public Citizen is a nonprofit consumer advocacy organization based in Washington, D.C.
For more information, please visit: http://www.Citizen.org