Interview on The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer
Secretary Colin L. Powell Washington, DC January 22, 2003
MR. LEHRER: Mr. Secretary, welcome.
SECRETARY POWELL: Thank you, Jim.
MR. LEHRER: Is it correct to conclude from the statements of President Bush and others in the last few days that the US
has decided military action is justified against Iraq now?
SECRETARY POWELL: The President hasn't come to a conclusion that military action is appropriate yet. The President is
in consultation with leaders around the world and we are anxiously awaiting the report of the two chief inspectors, Dr.
Blix and Dr. El Baradei, on Monday. And we'll study those reports carefully. There will be a debate within the Security
Council as to the implications and the meaning of those reports. And then the President will make his decision after
that.
But certainly we are not encouraged by what we have seen in recent weeks. We are not encouraged by Saddam Hussein's
performance. He continues to cheat. He continues to deceive. You know, it's a question of whether or not we're looking
for a needle in a haystack or whether he was supposed to open up the haystack and show us the needle. And the right
answer: He was supposed to come forward, give a full, accurate, complete declaration. He has not done that. He is not
letting our reconnaissance planes fly. He is not providing the basic information the inspectors need to do their job.
What happened to all the anthrax? All the botulinum? To the chemical warheads? Things keep getting discovered that he
should have brought forward earlier. And so we are certainly not satisfied with his performance at this time. We'll see
what the inspectors say on Monday. And then he'll be in consultation with his colleagues and will make appropriate
decisions as we move forward.
MR. LEHRER: Do you see this report on Monday as a final report or an interim report, which is what the inspectors call
it?
SECRETARY POWELL: Well, technically, it is an interim report from the inspectors. But the question of how much longer
should the inspectors work is really a function of what they're able to achieve in the presence of this kind of
performance on the part of the Iraqi regime to deny them what they need to do their job -- to follow them around, to
have more people following them than are inspectors inspecting.
And so the question is: Do we do that for a few more weeks, a few more months? It doesn't make any difference if he is
not coming forward, if he is not letting it be -- making it possible for the inspectors to do what the resolution calls
for.
The resolution does not call for them to go snooping all over Iraq to see what they can find. The resolution puts the
burden not on the inspectors, but on Saddam Hussein to come forward -- complete declaration, full cooperation, and
telling us everything that has been going on in Baghdad and throughout Iraq for, lo, these many years with respect to
weapons of mass destruction.
If he were to do that, if he had done it over the years, but especially in the weeks since 1441 -- here's what we used
to do, we're not doing it now, you can audit it, here's what we have left that we haven't told you about before but
we're telling you now, here's the difference between what you think we have and what we actually have, and here's how we
account for those differences -- if that had been his attitude, we'd be in a different situation. That has not been his
attitude. He still thinks that he can string out this process and escape the judgment of the international community.
And the international community cannot allow that to happen.
MR. LEHRER: The conclusion that you just spoke of, is this a United States conclusion on its own, or is this based on
debriefings from Mr. Blix and Mr. El Baradei and others involved in the UN inspecting process itself?
SECRETARY POWELL: I think it is a judgment that we have come to by watching the process unfold over the last couple of
months, but also what we have heard from the inspectors. Dr. Blix was heard on television earlier today complaining
about the fact that Iraq will not let reconnaissance planes assist in the effort. They're slow-rolling it. They're
making it impossible for us to assist the inspectors in that regard.
We also saw the declaration that the Iraqis put forward. You know, we had a specific reason for inserting the
requirement for a declaration in 30 days and insisting that the resolution call for the declaration to be full, accurate
and complete -- because we wanted to test the Iraqis. Are you serious? Are you really going to start telling the truth
or are you not? And it is obvious that that declaration was not anything that we could have confidence in and the United
States declared it a material breach at that time in December. Other nations did not do so, but not one nation stood up
and said this is a good declaration and they're serious this time. And that's the problem we have.
So we have enough to make a judgment, but we're going to wait and see what the inspectors say on Monday. And then the
President will be in consultation with other heads of state and government, I'll be in consultation with my colleagues
on the Security Council, and Ambassador Negroponte will be participating in the discussions that will take place in New
York.
MR. LEHRER: Well, it appears, you know, to an outside observer that a huge collision is about to come about as a result
of this report on Monday. The position of France, Germany, Russia and China, among others, are saying give the
inspectors more time; military action is not justified.
How do you explain that?
SECRETARY POWELL: Well, there are those who feel that if the inspectors just had more time, they would find everything.
We have a view -- and I think others have a view quite similar to ours -- that says, in the absence of cooperation, the
inspectors will not find everything; they will not find that which is most troubling to us, weapons of mass destruction,
and the capacity to make those weapons.
And so in order for inspectors to do their work, they have to have full Iraqi cooperation. But it's just more than
cooperation. What the resolution called for was not just Iraqi cooperation. It demanded that Iraq be disarmed, Iraq
disarm itself. And the inspectors were supposed to verify or ascertain that disarmament.
And in the absence of Iraq stepping up to its responsibilities and saying to the international community, "Not only am
I claiming I am free of weapons of mass destruction, I will give you all the evidence you need to prove that fact," and
that's what they have not done. And they have said they don't have any weapons of mass destruction. If that is the
truth, come forward with the evidence for that truth and lay it out before the world, lay it out before the inspectors
to verify, and there will be no war. But Iraq has not taken that step.
MR. LEHRER: Are we confronted with a situation here where the United States and France and Germany and China and the
rest of the world are looking at the same information and interpreting it differently? Or does the United States have
knowledge about something that the rest of the UN Security Council and the rest of the world doesn't know about?
SECRETARY POWELL: I think it's a combination of the two, Jim. I believe that we have more information and knowledge,
much of it highly classified, that others do not have access to, or at least say they are not aware of, of things that
have gone on inside of Iraq. And I hope that we will have the opportunity to present this in the debate that's coming
up.
We will be making more statements in the days ahead after the inspectors have given their report. My deputy, Deputy
Secretary Armitage, gave a powerful presentation yesterday on some of the discrepancies that have not been dealt with,
and Deputy Secretary Wolfowitz of the Defense Department will be making a similar statement tomorrow, and I'll be making
a statement at Davos this coming weekend. So I think we'll be putting out more information.
But, frankly, Jim, there are some nations in the world who would like to simply turn away from this problem, pretend it
isn't there. They are troubled by the consequences of going down this road to the requirements of 1441, which is
ultimately the use of force if Iraq does not comply. The United States fully understood that when we went down the path
of 1441, we were hoping for the best, but we were preparing for the worst.
And let's also be clear about something else. The only reason the Iraqis are participating in this inspection process
now, the only reason they allowed the inspectors to come back in in the first instance, was because of the threat of
force. And as my colleague, Don Rumsfeld, said on another show earlier today, the deployments that are now underway,
those wonderful young men and women who are now deploying to the region, are still supporting diplomacy. The President
has not yet made a decision for war, and that decision can be avoided if something happens in the very near future on
the part of the Iraqi regime to come into compliance with their obligations under all these resolutions.
But the one thing that we have also made clear is that time is running out. We cannot let them stretch this game out
until the world loses interest in this issue. The United States will not lose interest in this issue.
MR. LEHRER: As you know, support for the US position seems to be dropping among nations around the world. Also, recent
opinion polls among the American people show the same thing. They want unified action with the UN. They're less
enthusiastic about the US going alone.
Does that concern you at all?
SECRETARY POWELL: Certainly, it does. We watch these polls, of course, but we have to do what we believe is right. And
we believe that if we can make our case to the American people, to the world, that support can be generated; it can be
turned around.
And I also think that people will understand that if we have to take military action, the United States will not be
doing it alone. There will be other nations that will be joining us, whether part of a UN-approved action under a second
resolution or, if that's not possible, and we believe military action is appropriate, there will be other nations that
will be joining us. It'll not just be the United States and the United Kingdom.
I am also confident that it would be a successful operation, and in the aftermath of that operation the Iraqi people
will be better off, as we would work with coalition partners and international organizations to put in place a new
government in Iraq that would be responsive to its people and use the treasure that it has for the benefit of its
people, and not to threaten its people or to threaten its neighbors or to threaten the world.
MR. LEHRER: Was it a correct reading of your response Monday to what happened at the UN -- I won't go through the whole
thing -- but that you were a little annoyed with the French and their attitude about this?
SECRETARY POWELL: Well, the meeting was called at the request of the French presidency to discuss terrorism, and we had
a good, full discussion of terrorism within the Security Council, and in private meetings we also talked about Iraq and
North Korea and other issues. And so the French decided to focus on Iraq and we kind of, frankly, trampled the purpose
of the meeting. And so I responded to that. And we're in touch with our French colleagues and to make sure that we all
understand each other's position as we go forward.
But the meeting was called to deal with terrorism, recognizing that Iraq is in the background and everybody wants to
talk about Iraq, but 15 foreign ministers came together to talk about terrorism in general.
MR. LEHRER: So you thought you were sandbagged on Iraq?
SECRETARY POWELL: Well, I wouldn't say "sandbagged" is the word. I just think that my colleague, Foreign Minister de
Villepin, found it necessary to talk about Iraq. And when it came my turn for a press conference following the Security
Council meeting, I also spoke about Iraq. It was the issue of the day. But it's unfortunate that we didn't spend as much
time in our press conferences getting the press conference back to the subject of the day, which was terrorism.
MR. LEHRER: As you probably know, both French President Chirac and Mr. Schroeder of Germany met together and had a
joint news conference in Brussels (sic) and said, essentially, that they're going to do everything they can to prevent
military action against Iraq.
What do you think of that?
SECRETARY POWELL: Well, I have heard that, and perhaps they should wait and see what the inspectors have to say on
Monday. The United States is preparing itself for military action if it's called for. The President still hopes for a
peaceful resolution of this matter. But that is in the hands of the Iraqi regime.
But what we are determined to see happen is that Iraq be disarmed, disarmed peacefully; and if that turns out not to be
possible, then disarmed through the use of force. And I think all of the nations of the world and all of the members of
the Security Council should wait and see what the inspectors have to tell us on Monday. And that's certainly what the
United States is waiting for.
MR. LEHRER: Mr. Secretary, thank you very much.
SECRETARY POWELL: You're welcome, Jim.
[End]
Released on January 22, 2003