URUGUAY
STATEMENT
BY
MR. CARLOS CAT
MINISTER OF SOCIAL HOUSING
TERRITORY PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRSGUAY
TO THE
WORLD SUMMIT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Johannesburg, South Africa,
2nd September 2002.
MISTER PRESIDENT:
IT IS A GREAT HONOUR, AS MINISTER OF ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS, TO PRESIDE THE DELEGATION OF MY COUNTRY AT THIS SUMMIT IN
JOHANNESBURG. URUGUAY SHARES THE OBJECTIVES OF THE SUMMIT AND WISHES THAT THESE MAY BE ACHIEVED SUCCESSFULLY.
I WOULD ALSO LIKE TO PRESENT TO THE GOVERNMENT AND THE PEOPLE OF SOUTH AFRICA, OUR PRESIDENT'S GREETINGS, DR. JORGE
BATLLE, AS WELL AS OUR GRATEFULNESS FOR YOUR HOSPITALITY.
THE URUGUAYAN DELEGATION HAS GREAT HOPES, IN SPITE OF THE OUTLINED DIFFICULTIES, THAT THE PLAN OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
AGENDA 21 IS APPROVED, THAT A BRIEF AND CONCISE POLITICAL DECLARATION THAT REAFFIRMS THE PRINCIPLES OF THE RIO SUMMIT IN
1992, ARISES AND THAT THESE DOCUMENTS GUIDE THE FUTURE ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIONS, AS WELL AS DEFINE THE ROUTE TO CONTINUING
TO ACHIEVE THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FOR THE NEXT DECADE IN THE MOST AFFECTED ISSUES.
AND THIS, AS A RESULT OF A GLOBAL CONSENSUS AMONG THE COUNTRIES PARTICIPATING IN THIS WORLD SUMMIT, THAT WE ALL
RECOGNIZE.
MEMBERS OF DELEGATIONS: WE ARE FACING SERIOUS PROBLEMS THAT HAVE TO BE SOLVED, SUCH AS: THE ERADICATION OF POVERTY,
CHANGES OF PRODUCTION AND NON SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION, THE PROTECTION AND ADMINISTRATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES AS THE
BASE OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, AND THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN A GLOBALISED WORLD.
THEREFORE, I EXHORT TO THE PRESENT DELEGATIONS, TO PUT NO LIMITS TO THEIR EFFORTS, IN ORDER TO OBTAIN A GENERAL
CONSENSUS THAT WILL RESULT IN A BENEFIT FOR ALL.
MR. PRESIDENT: THE ORIENTAL REPUBLIC OF THE URUGUAY HAS WORKED ACTIVELY DURING THE LAST TEN YEARS SINCE RIO-92,
CONSOLIDATING ITS POSITION AMONG THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY AND DEMONSTRATING CONSISTENTLY ITS ENVIRONMENTAL VOCATION.
THE CREATION OF THE MINISTRY OF SOCIAL HOUSING, TERRITORY PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS, ITS DIVERSE TECHNICAL
DEPARTMENTS IN CHARGE OF ATTENDING THE DIFFERENT INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS; THE EFFICIENT PURSUIT OF OTHER TECHNICAL
TOPICS BY THE MINISTRY OF LIVESTOCK, AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES WITH THE GENERAL COORDINATION OF THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN
AFFAIRS, HAVE ALLOWED URUGUAY TO BE UP TO DATE AND, EVEN AHEAD IN SEVERAL OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES.
IN COMPLIANCE WITH RIO-92, URUGUAY HAS SINCE 1994 THE "LAW OF EVALUATION ON ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT" THAT HAS AS PURPOSE,
TO CONTROL THE EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT OF NATIONAL ACTIVITIES.
IT HAS ALSO BEEN IMPLEMENTED THE "GENERAL LAW OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION" AND THE "LAW OVER PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS."
THEREFORE, URUGUAY HAS COMPLIED DUTIFULLY WITH EACH ACQUIRED COMMITMENT, LEGISLATING INTERNALLY WHAT WAS AGREED IN EACH
ONE OF THE RATIFIED CONVENTIONS.
A PROJECT FOR AN "AGREEMENT ON MERCOSUR ENVIRONMENT", IS CURRENTLY IN PROCESS OF PARLIAMENTARY APPROVAL. THE SAME HAS
FOR PURPOSE THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND THE PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE REGION, BY MEANS OF THE MANAGEMENT
OF ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ELEMENTS, FOR WHICH THE STATES OF MERCOSUR REAFFIRM THE PRECEPTS DRAWN IN AGENDA
21.
MR. PRESIDENT: WE WOULD ALSO LIKE TO MENTION THAT URUGUAY RATIFIED THE KYOTO PROTOCOL ALREADY 19 MONTHS AGO, AND THAT WE
ARE PRESENTLY MODIFYING OUR TRADITIONAL ENERGY RESOURCES.
IN THIS SENSE, IT IS IMPORTANT TO HIGHLIGHT THAT URUGUAY ASSIGNS A FUNDAMENTAL IMPORTANCE TO THE "CHEMICAL CHAPTER" OF
UNEP, AND THAT IN OUR COUNTRY WAS HELD THE FIRST CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES (COP 1), OF THE BASEL CONVENTION IN
PIRIAPOLIS IN 1992, AND THAT COINCIDENTLY, IN A COMBINED EFFORT BETWEEN URUGUAY AND SWITZERLAND, URUGUAY WILL HOST THE
FIRST CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES OF THE STOCKHOLM CONVENTION, IN A DATE TO BE DETERMINED.
MR. PRESIDENT, IT IS ALSO IMPORTANT TO REMARK THE ACKNOWLEDGMENT OBTAINED BY OUR COUNTRY WITHIN THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
FROM UNEP IN 1996 AND 2000, FOR THE SUCCESS OBTAINED IN THE NATIONAL PROGRAM OF PROTECTION OF THE OZONE LAYER.
Mr. PRESIDENT: IN THE PREPARATORY MEETING OF BALI, IT WAS NOT POSSIBLE TO ACHIEVE CONSENSUS IN SOME PARTS OF THE PLAN OF
ACTION, BEING PENDING PRECISELY, THE MOST CONTROVERSIAL TOPICS.
I WOULD LIKE TO STRESS THAT URUGUAY CAME TO THIS MEETING WILLING TO SOLVE PROBLEMS AND TO WORK HARD IN SEARCH OF THE SO
DESIRED CONSENSUS, ON A PLAN OF ACTION.
IN THE ISSUE ON TRADE AND ENVIRONMENT, URUGUAY WANTS TO MAKE SURE THAT THE MANDATE OF DOHA IS RESPECTED IN THIS SUMMIT,
ACCORDING TO THE OBJECTIVES OF THE W.T.O.
URUGUAY ASPIRES TO AVOID, IN THIS SUMMIT, THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF PRECAUTION, WHICH DIRECT OR INDIRECT EFFECT,
FURTHER TO ITS PURPOSES, COULD BE NOT OTHER THAN THE INTRODUCTION OF GREATER BARRIERS INTO THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE, AND
PARTICULARLY, AGAINST EXPORTS OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.
IT IS OF INTEREST AND THE RESPONSIBILITY OF ALL, TO ASSURE THAT BEHIND THE PRINCIPLES AND MEASURES ADOPTED FOR THE
PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE PROMOTION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, NEW FORMS OF PROTECTIONISM ARE NOT
LEGITIMATED, WHICH WOULD RELAPSE SURELY ONCE AGAIN, ON THE LEAST AFFLUENT COUNTRIES OF THE PLANET, INCREASING ITS
POVERTY AND REDUCING ITS POSSIBILITIES OF DEVELOPMENT.
IN ORDER TO AVOID DAMAGES TO IMPORTANT TRADE INTERESTS, THE REFERENCES TO PRECAUTION IN THE PLAN OF IMPLEMENTATION, IF
MAINTAINED, SHOULD BE CAREFULLY REWRITTEN.
DURING THE BALI PREPARATORY CONFERENCE, URUGUAY AGREED ON THE INCORPORATION OF A TEXT THAT RECOGNIZES THE NECESSITY TO
CONCENTRATE ON TOPICS RELATIVE TO DEVELOPING, SUCH AS MARKET ACCESS, ELIMINATION OF SUBSIDIES AND OF TARIFF AND
NON-TARIFFS BARRIERS.
MR. PRESIDENT: URUGUAY EXPECTS FROM THIS SUMMIT THE TRIUMPH OF PRINCIPLES OF TRANSPARENCY AND NON DISCRIMINATION,
CRUCIAL FOR THE APPLICATION OF TRADE
MEASURES, USED TOWARDS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, IN PARTICULAR THOSE MEASURES AND PRESCRIPTIONS THAT HAVE SIGNIFICANT
TRADE EFFECTS, WHICH SHOULD FACILITATE THE ACCESS OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES TO MARKETS, HARMONIZING ECONOMIC ASPECTS WITH
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ONES.
MR. PRESIDENT: THE FUNDS PROVIDED BY THE GEF, OF 2.900 MILLION DOLLARS, GIVEN BY 32 COUNTRIES, WHICH WAS MENTIONED BY
THE GENERAL SECRETARY OF THIS SUMMIT, MR. NITIN DESAI, IS CONSIDERED TO BE A VERY POSITIVE SIGN, THAT REVEALS THE
COMMITMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY.
WITH THIS FUNDS IT WILL BE POSSIBLE TO CONTINUE WORKS IN THE AREAS OF: CLIMATE CHANGE, - WHERE OUR COUNTRY WAS ONE OF
THE FIRST TO PRESENT THE INITIAL NATIONAL COMMUNICATION AND CURRENTLY, THE PREPARATION OF THE SECOND COMMUNICATION IS
VERY ADVANCED-; BIODIVERSITY, - WHERE A NATIONAL PLAN OF ACTION IS AT WORK -; THE PROTECTION OF INTERNATIONAL WATERS,
AND NOW ALSO, DESERTIFICATION AND PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS.
WE RECALL WITH ENORMOUS CONCERN WHAT MR. DESAI POINTED OUT: "WITHIN THE NEXT 25 YEARS THE WORLD POPULATION WILL SUFFER
LACK OF WATER, WHILE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS AND EMISSIONS OF GREEN HOUSE GASES WILL INCREASE."
THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IS THE NECESSARY TOOL TO ALLOW US A BETTER HANDLING OF OUR GLOBAL RESOURCES.
WE MUST CHANGE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR IN RELATION TO THE ENVIRONMENT, GIVING UP THE CURRENT PRACTICES AND ADOPTING SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT AS A MODEL. IN THIS WAY, WE WILL AVOID PUTTING IN DANGER THE WORLD SECURITY IN MANY PARTS OF THE PLANET.
THIS IT IS OUR GREAT CHALLENGE.
MR. PRESIDENT: WE WANT FOR OUR PEOPLE A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AS A RESULT OF THE PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT, THE
RECOGNITION OF ALL HUMAN RIGHTS, INCLUDING THE GENDER PERSPECTIVE AND THE NECESSITIES OF OUR VULNERABLE GROUPS, AS WELL
AS A BETTER QUALITY OF LIFE, TO BE ACHIEVED IN PEACE AND EQUALITY, BEING OUR RESPONSIBILITY THAT THIS SUMMIT HELPS US TO
OBTAIN IT.
ENDS
*****************
HOLY SEE
Statement
By
H.E. Archbishop Renato Raffaele Martino
Apostolic Nuncio, Head Of Delegation Of The Holy See
at the
World Summit On Sustainable Development
Johannesburg, South Africa
2 September 2002
Mr. President,
"We are gathered here today in the spirit of peace for the good of all human beings and for the care of creation. At
this moment in history, at the beginning of the third Millennium, we are saddened to see the daily suffering of a great
number of people from violence, starvation, poverty and disease. We are also concerned about the negative consequences
for humanity and for all creation resulting from the degradation of some basic natural resources such as water, air and
land, brought about by an economic and technological progress which does not recognize and take into account its
limits".
These are the opening words of the Joint Statement signed on 10th June 2002 by His Holiness Pope John Paul II and by
the Ecumenical Patriarch, Bartholomew I. It seems a fitting way to begin the statement of the Holy See at the World
Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD).
Since the 1992 Rio Conference, widespread discussion and debate have taken place within the international community on
Sustainable Development. This is a concept that has entered already into the soil of history, a soil that must be tilled
to allow the roots of sustainable development to grow deeply so that it bears fruit that will nourish all of humanity.
Mr. President,
States come to this World Summit with particular interests, needs, resources, rights and responsibilities. The unifying
element in this organic blending of legitimate diversities is, and must be, the human person, as stated in. the first
Principle of the Rio Decimation: “Human beings are at the Centre of concerns for sustainable development. They are
entitled to a healthy and productive life in harmony with nature”.
“Placing human well-being at the centre of concern for the environment is actually the surest way of safeguarding
creation”.
Taking into account that any sound and lasting agreement for achieving sustainable development must recognize and
safeguard the dignity and rights of the human person, the continued promotion of the centrality of human being in the
discussion of sustainable development is a core interest of the Holy See and the main reason of its presence at this
important World Summit. The promotion of human dignity is linked to the right to development and to the right to a
healthy environment, since these rights highlight the dynamics of the relationship between the individual and society;
this stimulates the responsibility of the individual towards self, towards others, towards creation, and ultimately
towards God.
In this regard, the Holy See continues to affirm its serious concern for the three interdependent and mutually
reinforcing pillars of sustainable development - the economic, the social and the environmental - and their contribution
to true integral human development and the promotion of the well-being of all people. Development is first and foremost
a question of people. As noted by Secretary General Kofi Annan, “The United Nations must place people at the centre of
everything it does, enabling them to meet their needs and realize their full potential”.
The Holy See will not attempt to add to the significant technical discourse underway regarding sustainable development.
Nevertheless, the Holy See is deeply interested in the values that inspire actions and decisions regarding sustainable
development, since the deliberations that take place have a particular historical context and inevitably lead directly
to concepts of the person, society and the common good.
Juridical, economic and technical measures are not sufficient to face the problems at the basis of sustainable
development. Many of these problems are issues of an ethical and moral nature, which call for a profound change in modem
civilization's typical patterns of consumption and production, particularly in the industrialized countries. In order to
achieve this change, “we must encourage and support the ‘ecological conversion’. (...) At stake, then, is not only a
‘physical’ ecology that is concerned to safeguard the habitat of the various living beings, but also a ‘human ecology’
which rests primarily on ensuring and safeguarding moral conditions in the actions of the human being in the human
environment.
In order to ensure the fulfilment of human ecology what is needed is “education in ecological responsibility. This
education cannot be rooted in mere sentiment or empty wishes. [...] A true education in responsibility entails a genuine
conversion in way of thought and behaviour”, promoting a true culture of life, which should be the basis for the new
culture of sustainable development.
Mr. President,
The fact that the earth and all its resources are part of the “common heritage of all humanity” creates the
understanding which fosters interdependence, stresses responsibility and underlines the importance of the principle of
global solidarity. This reality becomes the foundation of sustainable development by directing the moral imperatives of
justice, international cooperation, peace, security, and the desire to enhance the spiritual and material well-being of
present and future generations.
In response to selfishness and indifference, either as pertains to natural resources or in the abandonment of those
with less power, money or influence, solidarity is a firm and persevering determination to achieve the common good and
in doing so to be attentive to others. As such, it is a. demanding ideal, one which Pope John Paul II has highlighted by
his call for a “globalization of solidarity”. “The great moral challenge facing nations and the international community
is to combine development with solidarity - a genuine sharing of benefits - in order to overcome both dehumanizing
underdevelopment and the ‘over-development’ which considers people as mere economic units in a consumer system”. Today,
absolute poverty continues to plague too many of the world's people. Too many do not have access to basic social
services, namely: clean water, safe sanitation, health care, education, shelter or security. Too many people are
unemployed or underemployed. Too many children, especially girls, lack educational opportunities. Too many adults,
especially women, lack literacy skills and the chance for economic advancement and social integration. Too many people
suffer from the devastation of sickness and disease, particularly the effects of HIV/AIDS and malaria, which continue to
leave such a devastating impact, especially in Africa and the Caribbean. Too many have little hope for a brighter
future.
Since no one can be extraneous or indifferent to the lot of another member of the human family in the context of
solidarity, priority must be given not only to the full development of all peoples but especially to the conditions of
persons living in poverty, taking into account that poverty today cannot be defined simply in economic terms but more as
a person's inability to realize God-given human potential.
The seams of human society are today torn by the lack of response to basic human needs of millions of our brothers and
sisters. No portion or member of the human family should be reduced to living in sub-human social, economic,
environmental, cultural or political conditions. Extreme poverty is perhaps the most pervasive and paralysing form of
the violation of human rights in our world. In keeping with the principle of subsidiarity, the poor must be heard on
issues and be at the center of local, national and international programed for sustainable development. Persons living
in poverty must be considered as participating subjects. Individuals and peoples cannot become tools but must be the
protagonists of their future, able to be the “agents of their own development” and, “in their specific economic and
political circumstances, to exercise the creativity which is characteristics of the human person and on which the wealth
of nation too is dependent”. Further, any initiative contributing to the development and ennoblement of people needs to
address both the human being's spiritual and material existence.
One of the basic elements for human existence is water. Today substantial numbers of our human family face inadequate
supplies of water and decreased access to fresh water as well as a severe lack of sanitation services. The primary
responsibility for the equitable and. sustainable use, protection and management of the world's water resources rests
with governments. In the struggle to eradicate poverty, water plays a vital role, not only as pertains to health but as
a productive element. The World Summit for Sustainable Development must address this challenge of the availability of
this key life-giving resource since if left untreated, death will result for those unable to gain access to water.
Another high priority in sustainable development is rural development. Rural areas account for more than half of the
world's population and the poor living in these areas often lack access to the most basic social services. The rise of
modern urbanization sometimes has been the cause for the rural population to be forgotten. But it is precisely the high
levels of poverty in rural areas that have contributed substantially as a push factor to migration of populations to
urban areas.
Mindful of the principle of subsidiarity, good governance is one of the presuppositions in the fight against poverty.
It is in service of the common good. For good governance to be successful there must be new partnerships that promote
investment in people and in infrastructures and that will facilitate participation of citizens in decisions that affect
their lives. Valued in this context is the democratic system inasmuch as it strives to ensure the possibility of
participation of citizens in making political choices and having a voice in governing. This is a process referred to by
Pope John Paul II as the “subjectivity of society” which is based on “the creation of structures of participation and
shared responsibility”, both key to good governance. Governance can be said to be good when the potential of the human
being is channelled towards creative participation in government and in society. In the context of the international
community, good governance requires that all states, including the poorest and the smallest, have access to the
decision-making bodies which determine policy and promote international cooperation.
Mr. President,
In 1995, Pope John Paul II spoke of a renewal of spirit within the UN system: “The United Nations Organization needs to
rise more and more above the cold status of an administrative institution and to become a moral centre where all the
nations of the world feels(???) at home and develop a shared awareness of being, as it were, a ‘family of nations’. The
idea of ‘family’ immediately evokes something more than simple functional relations or a mere convergence of interests.
The family is by nature a. community based on mutual trust, mutual support and sincere respect. In an authentic family
the strong do not dominate; instead, the weaker members, because of their very weakness, are all the more welcomed and
served”.
In our interdependent and globalizing world, it is this spirit. of "family" which must be fostered if real progress
towards the goals and ideas of sustainable development are to be realized. Only when there is an understanding of mutual
need and mutual achievement can humankind move towards the realization of a better life for all of the world's people,
all members of the "family of nations". By combining the ideas of need and achievement with the ideas of trust, support
and respect, the process of sustainable development will not only move forward but will be strengthened in its efforts
toward the eradication of poverty, protection of the environment, the promotion of human rights and the realization of
the dignity in which we all share.
The outcome of this Summit must place the proper focus on actions toward achieving human, economic and social
development, those aspects which make-up the foundation of sustainable development.
It is the hope of the Holy See that the result of this Summit will be seen as not only successful but also as
innovative and forward looking and that the commitments that emerge will move the world and humanity forward so as to
truly contribute to the spiritual and material well-being of all people, their families and their communities.
To help in the realization of this hope, in the context of this World Summit on Sustainable Development the Holy See
calls for a “Gift of Self”, since the human being cannot fully find himself or herself except in self-giving. In
response to selfishness and indifference, the “Gift of Self” ultimately ensures the well-being of others and of future
generations and thus contributes to sustainable development. This concept is the basis of other types of voluntary
associations and partnerships that the WSSD wishes to foster and promote. The “Gift of Self” is the noblest use of human
freedom and the basis for action toward integral human development.
Thank you, Mr. President
ENDS