U.S. NGOs Oppose Re-Engagement With Indonesian Military
Contact: John M. Miller, 718-596-7668; 917-690-4391
Karen Orenstein: 202-544-6911
P.O. Box 15774
Washington, DC 20003-0774
7 May 2002
The Honorable Colin L. Powell
Secretary of State
U.S. Department of State
2201 C St NW
Washington, DC 20520
The Honorable Donald H. Rumsfeld
Secretary of Defense
Department of Defense
1000 Defense Pentagon
Washington, DC 20301-1000
Dear Secretary Powell and Secretary Rumsfeld:
We are greatly troubled by Pentagon plans to significantly increase engagement with the Indonesian military (TNI).
Prudent restrictions on military aid to Indonesia, renewed and strengthened by Congress in the FY02 Foreign Operations
Appropriations Act, would in effect be nullified.
Indonesian armed forces continue to perpetrate systematic human rights violations throughout the archipelago. The
Indonesia section of the 2001 State Department's Country Report on Human Rights Practices documents "shooting of
civilians, torture, rape, beatings and other abuse, and arbitrary detention" and notes that "the Government rarely holds
the military or police accountable for committing extrajudicial killings or using excessive force." Rewarding the TNI
with US assistance -- while crackdowns on civilians continue, and in some cases escalate, and resistance to
accountability remains overwhelming -- signifies the condoning of serious rights violations by the Administration.
The Administration has already lifted the embargo on commercial sales of non-lethal defense articles and increased
bilateral contacts between the militaries, while Congress has agreed to reinstate Expanded International Military
Education and Training (IMET) for FY02. Yet these initiatives have not led to military reform or greater influence in
Jakarta, as argued by many in the Administration. On the contrary, the Indonesian government has been less than
cooperative in the "war on terrorism," largely neglecting Administration requests regarding terrorist suspects and their
assets. Domestic-focused militant jihad groups continue to enjoy protection and support from members of the government
and military.
We are disturbed about the ease with which CINCPAC Admiral Dennis Blair overrode Foreign Operations Appropriations
jurisdiction and succeeded in securing a last-minute addition to the FY02 Defense Department Appropriations Act (HR
3338, provision 8125), providing $17.9 million to establish a Regional Defense Counter-terrorism Fellowship Program.
Provision 8125 was clearly an end-run around Foreign Operations Appropriations IMET restrictions, although none of the
seven conditions Congress required to lift the ban have been met. There are no restrictions on which countries can
participate in the program, which has an unknown curriculum.
The FY02 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations request is more troubling still. The request for an additional $8 million
for the "training of civilian and military personnel in support of humanitarian and peacekeeping activities in
Indonesia" can only be seen as yet another attempt to undermine congressional restrictions. Before peacekeeping training
should even be considered for the TNI, soldiers would do well to stop their widespread practice of murder, torture, and
rape of civilians. The purpose and composition of the $8 million to "vet, train, and equip a counter-terrorism unit" is
unclear.
Potentially many more millions for defense articles, services, training, and other aid could be made available for
Indonesia from large pools of money for unspecified countries, including $100 million "to support foreign nations." If
the FY02 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations requests are honored, the TNI will not only have access to prestigious
U.S. military training without congressional oversight, but bill language providing for defense articles and services to
unspecified countries could be used to supply Indonesia with banned FMF. We further object to making funds "available
notwithstanding any other provision of law."
If the Pentagon is allowed to ignore existing Foreign Operations Appropriations restrictions in the FY02 Emergency
Supplemental Appropriations request, congressional intent will be effectively ignored, an unacceptable and fundamentally
undemocratic precedent. The message coming from Washington to Jakarta will be even more conflicted, rendering U.S.
support for democracy and human rights in Indonesia even less credible. It is incomprehensible to deny IMET and FMF for
the TNI and talk about the need for military reform and an end to impunity on the one hand, while the same sought-after
training, financing, equipment, and services are provided in everything but name. The United State's most important
point of leverage to foster respect for human rights and accountability and encourage military reform will be lost with
little or nothing gained.
It is crucial that this leverage is not lost. As organizations working on behalf of human rights and social justice, we
strongly request that the Administration cooperate with Congress to achieve the following: ***The IMET and FMF
restrictions for TNI must be respected and administration support given for their renewal in FY03. The TNI should not
receive training under the Regional Defense Counter-terrorism Fellowship Program. Funds appropriated through the
supplemental request should not be used to train the TNI in any form or provide the military with undefined defense
articles and services. Any clause stating that funds for foreign militaries "may be made available notwithstanding any
other provision of law" should be excised. Throughout the bill, countries eligible for specific programs or pots of
monies should be specified.
***We object to any military assistance for the TNI. However, if new aid programs are implemented, the Pentagon should
consult in detail with members of Foreign Operations Appropriations Subcommittees and Foreign Relations/International
Relations Committees, as well as other interested members of Congress, prior to and during any program. These
consultations should include the curricula and locations of the training.
***If any training does go forward, the Pentagon should provide Congress with verification that those with whom the
Pentagon works whether individuals or units of the police or military -- will not use skills gained to suppress domestic
conflicts. All individuals and units that receive training must be vetted for participation in past abuses, and any with
records of committing human rights violations should not be allowed to participate. The U.S. should not assist the TNI
in further acts of murder, torture, rape, and other abuses in Indonesia.
***Foreign policy formulation should be returned to the authority of the Foreign/International Relations Committees, the
Foreign Operations Appropriations Subcommittees, and the State Department, where it traditionally has resided. We also
ask for clarification of the nature, composition, and purpose of the Regional Defense Counter-terrorism Fellowship
Program, as well as the counter-terrorism unit.
Thank you for your serious consideration. We look forward to your response.
Sincerely,
John Ackerly, President International Campaign for Tibet
Bama Athreya, Deputy Director International Labor Rights Fund
Medea Benjamin, Co-Founder Global Exchange
Kurt Biddle, Washington Coordinator Indonesia Human Rights Network
Diana Bohn, Secretary Bay Are Jubilee Debt Cancellation Coalition Co-Coordinator, Nicaragua Center for Community Action
Rev. William Callahan, Co-Director Quixote Center/Quest for Peace
Rev. John Chamberlin, National Coordinator East Timor Religious Outreach
Peter J. Davies, UN Representative Saferworld
Dr. Cathey E. Falvo, MD, MPH, Board of Directors Physicians for Social Responsibility Program Director, International
and Public Health, School of Public Health New York Medical College
Tamar Gabelnick, Director Arms Sales Monitoring Project Federation of American Scientists
Erik Gustafson, Executive Director Education for Peace in Iraq Center
William D. Hartung, Director Arms Trade Resource Center World Policy Institute
David Herrel, Interim U.S. Director Visions in Action
Martha Honey, Co-director Foreign Policy In Focus, Institute for Policy Studies
Carol Jahnkow, Executive Director Peace Resource Center of San Diego
Melissa Jameson, Director War Resisters League
Prof. Peter Juviler, Director Human Rights Studies, Barnard College, Columbia University
Lavinia Limon, Executive Director U.S. Committee for Refugees
Kevin Martin, Executive Director Peace Action Education Fund
Mary Anne Mercer, Co-chair Northwest International Health Action Coalition (NIHAC)
John M. Miller, Director Foreign Bases Project
John Oei, Founder Indonesian, Chinese, and American Network
Karen Orenstein, Washington Coordinator East Timor Action Network
Diana Ortiz, OSU, Director Torture Abolition and Survivors Support Coalition International
Robert Pedersen, Trade and Labor Coordinator Indiana Alliance for Democracy
Colin Rajah, Executive Director JustAct - Youth Action for Global Justice
Jen Randolph Reise, Co-Director Women Against Military Madness
Dave Robinson National Coordinator, Pax Christi USA
Sharon Silber, Eileen B. Weiss, Co-Founders Jews Against Genocide
Morton Sklar, Executive Director World Organization Against Torture U.S.A.
Stephanie S. Spencer, Program Associate for Southern Asia Common Global Ministries of the Christian Church (Disciples of
Christ) and the United Church of Christ
Gail Taylor, Legislative Director School of the Americas Watch
Kathy Thornton, RSM, National Coordinator NETWORK: A National Catholic Social Justice Lobby
Carmen Trotta, Associate Editor The Catholic Worker
Joe Volk, Executive Secretary Friends Committee on National Legislation
Charles Warpehoski, Program Coordinator Nicaragua Network
Ronald Watson Dictator Watch
John Witeck, Coordinator Philippine Workers Support Committee
Kani Xulam, Director American Kurdish Information Network
Phyllis S. Yingling, President Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, United States Section
cc: The Honorable Robert C. Byrd, Chair, Senate Appropriations Committee The Honorable Ted Stevens, Ranking Member,
Senate Appropriations Committee The Honorable Patrick J. Leahy, Chair, Senate Foreign Operations Appropriations
Subcommittee The Honorable Mitch McConnell, Ranking Member, Foreign Operations Appropriations Subcommittee The Honorable
C. W. Young, Chair, House Appropriations Committee The Honorable David R. Obey, Ranking Member, House Appropriations
Committee The Honorable Jim Kolbe, Chair, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations
Subcommittee The Honorable Nita M. Lowey, Ranking Member, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs
Appropriations Subcommittee