* News Release Issued by the International Secretariat of Amnesty International *
26 September 2001 ACT 30/023/2001 171/01
The attacks in the USA on 11 September 2001 amounted to an international tragedy. The victims included US citizens as
well as Asians, Latin Americans and Europeans, Muslims as well as Christians and Jews. The identity of the perpetrators
has yet to be fully determined but there is evidence to suggest that they come from several different countries. Grief
and outrage at the atrocity have affected people all over the world. This global tragedy demands a global response -
based on global values of human rights and justice.
As the world braces itself for a "robust reaction", world leaders are speaking the language of war. It is at times like
these that we must be alert to the risks posed to human rights. The voice of the defenders of human rights must not be
drowned out by the clarion call to arms. We insist that states respect human rights and international humanitarian law
at all times, under all circumstances.
Already we have seen a wave of racist attacks directed at people because of their appearance or religion. The threat
perception is encouraging an environment of racism and xenophobia. In north America, Europe and elsewhere, Muslims,
Arabs and Sikhs have been shot, stabbed and beaten. Mosques have been firebombed. Shops have been looted. Schools have
been forced to close because of intimidation and harassment.
Governments must take strong action against racist attacks directed at the Muslim, Asian and Middle Eastern populations
in their countries, whether they are citizens or foreigners. You cannot claim to speak in the name of freedom if all
those on your territory do not feel equally protected.
Governments are using the "war on terrorism" to introduce draconian measures to limit civil liberties. The US and EU
governments are considering provisions that would allow them to detain immigrants indefinitely, even if they have not
been charged with any offence. Such measures are unlikely to deter attacks but they are likely to stifle dissent and
curtail basic freedoms. For this reason, they must be resisted.
In reaching a balance between security and individual freedom, the internationally recognized safeguards to protect
human rights must not be sacrificed. Even in the most extreme crisis, Governments do not have a completely free hand.
Even if they are at war, they must abide by the basic rules that protect civilians' lives.
The human toll of this crisis must not fall on those who are the most vulnerable - refugees and asylum seekers who are
themselves fleeing repression and terror. Some governments are exploiting the climate of public fear to tighten up
asylum laws and policies. Australia and the European Union are rushing through measures that will undermine the rights
of refugees and cause more human misery.
A humanitarian crisis of epic proportions is developing on the borders of Afghanistan as Iran and Pakistan turn away
famine-stricken Afghan women, children and men fleeing in fear of military attacks. We need to act now to prevent a
repeat of the calamity we saw at Blace as refugees fled Kosovo. The international community must insist that Afghan
refugees are allowed to enter neighbouring countries. The international community must also share the cost and
responsibility of hosting them.
The victims of the 11 September attacks, like all victims, deserve justice, not revenge. But how should that justice be
delivered?Governments are fast defining their options in terms of force. Our concern as human rights activists must be
to insist that justice is rendered according to the rule of law. Both the pursuit and any subsequent trial of the
suspects must be in accordance with internationally recognized standards governing the use of force and fair trial
procedures. The death penalty should not be imposed.
The 11 September attacks highlight once again the need for a system of international justice. Some atrocities demand
international accountability. In some circumstances, international cooperation to bring suspected perpetrators to
justice can be more easily forthcoming through an international tribunal. Unfortunately, many governments including the
USA have not ratified the International Criminal Court and resisted, during the drafting of the Rome Statute, broadening
its jurisdiction. As the need for international cooperation to address transnational crimes become evident, the US
Government should consider supporting the establishment of the court.
All victims, whether they are killed under the eyes of the world's media or perish in a remote conflict, have the right
to justice. The response to the 11 September tragedy must not create new victims or be used as a pretext for an attack
on human rights. Instead, it should lead governments to build an effective system of international justice that could
end impunity for all perpetrators of gross human rights abuses, whether committed in the USA or the Middle East, in
Chechnya or Sierra Leone.
Irene Khan Amnesty International Secretary General
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